Publications | Pharmacists & Patient Outcomes
Pharmacist & Outcomes – ALL
Prehabilitation has emerged as a proactive, multimodal strategy in perioperative care, aiming to enhance functional capacity and resilience before surgery through medical optimization, exercise, nutrition, and psychological support. Despite their multidisciplinary nature, pharmacists are underutilized in this evolving field. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to advance prehabilitation by applying Medication Therapy [...]
Background: Piperacillin-Tazobactam (PTZ) is often used to treat community-acquired intra-abdominal infections (CA-IAIs) despite common causative pathogens being susceptible to more narrow-spectrum agents. However, susceptibility to PTZ among these predominant pathogens has been declining. Antibiotic de-escalation to non-antipseudomonal beta-lactams whenever possible is an important strategy to prevent the development of resistance [...]
CONCLUSION: Machine learning-guided pharmacist interventions improved TB treatment outcomes and reduced costs. Future multicenter studies should validate subtype-specific benefits. [...]
Despite their expanding patient-facing roles and increased involvement in mental health services, pharmacists' interactions with clients remain largely medicines-focused. This limitation is compounded by a reported lack of pharmacists' confidence and inadequate training in both mental health conditions and communication skills. The interrelated concepts of person-centredness, therapeutic alliance, and empathy [...]
Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is frequently overtreated in emergency departments (EDs), contributing to antimicrobial resistance without improving clinical outcomes. The rapid pace of clinical decision-making and high patient turnover in the ED further predispose clinicians to unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the ED of a [...]
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is accelerating globally, driven by widespread inappropriate antibiotic use and diagnostic uncertainty in primary care. Pharmcist-led point-of-care testing (POCTs) has emerged as a promising model to optimize antibiotic prescribing, improve triage, and strengthen antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Methods: This scoping review synthesizes current evidence, regulatory models, and [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist-led interventions significantly enhance medication adherence and quality of life and may reduce relapse risk among patients with BD-I. However, given the limited number of studies and small pooled sample sizes, the overall evidence remains preliminary, and the findings should be interpreted cautiously rather than as definitive conclusions. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Educational podcasts can improve medical students' attitude towards physician-pharmacist collaboration, particularly when introduced early in the curriculum. Podcasts offer a flexible and scalable format to enhance role understanding and promote interprofessional awareness among students. [...]
Fujihara H, Kishimoto M, Kose E, Shinonaga H, Tanaka E, Nakamichi M, Mizokami F. The impact of pharmacist intervention on FIM gain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders in Kaifukuki rehabilitation wards. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2025; 16: 53-59. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: These pilot results suggest that a pharmacist-led SDOH program may be effective in addressing patient barriers, demonstrated by high acceptance rate and perceived benefit of interventions and improved clinical outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: ASP led by a pharmacist belonging to an AST in the open ICU contributed to long-term appropriate antimicrobial use of carbapenems and anti-pseudomonal β-lactams, and DOT for non-pseudomonal β-lactams. [...]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects over 460 million people worldwide and profoundly diminishes their quality of life. Its onset is driven by obesity, sedentary behavior, and genetic predisposition, leading to insulin resistance, progressive beta-cell dysfunction, and complications such as cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Effective management [...]
Social isolation and Loneliness (SIL) represent a critical public health issue as they are strongly associated with adverse physical, mental and emotional health and wellbeing outcomes. Community pharmacies are accessible and frequently accessed healthcare locations and are potentially valuable settings for interventions designed to support patients experiencing SIL. However, a [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Prescribers and clinical pharmacists both responded similarly and consistently to correct inappropriate DOAC prescriptions in response to EHR asynchronous notifications. While pharmacists did not outperform prescribers overall, they demonstrated more nuanced application of medication prescribing guidelines in complex cases. Engaging clinical pharmacists directly may be an efficient implementation strategy [...]
CONCLUSION: The implementation of standardized MTMs by pharmacists within the medical consortium effectively extended pharmaceutical care to the home setting. This intervention improved pain relief, enhanced medication adherence, and reduced anxiety among cancer pain patients; these findings support the potential for broader clinical application of this pharmacist-led model within integrated [...]
INTRODUCTION: Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS), caused by CSF1R mutations, is a rare autosomal dominant leukodystrophy characterized by rapid neurological decline. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a promising treatment, but the risk of post-transplant complications such as invasive fungal disease (IFD) remains underexplored. Microglial dysfunction in CSF1R-related disorder [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a structured algorithm for penicillin allergy reassessment in emergency settings is both effective and safe. Its application facilitates antibiotic optimization, improves patient safety, and reduces broad-spectrum antibiotic use. This study highlights the role of hospital pharmacists in drug allergy management and antimicrobial stewardship. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Capturing impact of pharmacist prescribing requires assessment of outcomes across multiple dimensions. [...]
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a condition requiring lifelong insulin therapy and specialized care. Access to endocrinologists remains limited, leaving many primary care providers (PCPs) to manage insulin therapies and diabetes technologies. Pharmacists have demonstrated effectiveness in type 2 diabetes management, yet their role in T1DM within primary [...]
Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic formulations can improve outcomes related to poor adherence in psychiatric patients. However, LAIs are known to be high-risk medications that are prone to medication errors, especially during transitions of care. This is often due to incomplete or incorrect medication reconciliation, inadequate documentation, or lapses in communication. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Considering the expected decrease in psychiatrists due to retirements and fewer individuals entering the field, it is important to examine the pharmacist's role in improving mental health outcomes. This study evaluated pharmacist treatment of depression in a behavioral health-integrated virtual (BHIV) clinic where patients were generally followed twice monthly [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Community pharmacists have the potential to provide expanded professional services and practise to their full scope to enhance healthcare accessibility and patient outcomes. Multilevel approaches that address logistic, collaborative, systematic, and financial challenges are needed. Future research should focus on large-scale evaluations and long-term impacts to build a stronger [...]
CONCLUSION: In suboptimally managed type 2 diabetes, augmentation of a standard diabetes management protocol with rtCGMs was associated with significantly greater HbA1c reduction. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacist-led service significantly improved glycaemic control, LDL cholesterol, and self-care behaviour. These findings highlight pharmacists' potential to enhance diabetes management and support public health efforts. [...]
Theranostics-a rapidly advancing field that integrates diagnostic imaging with targeted radiotherapy-holds great promise for revolutionizing cancer care. As this paradigm expands, a major challenge to its success lies in building and sustaining a skilled workforce, particularly in radiopharmaceutical development and delivery. A critical yet underrecognized member of this workforce is [...]
CONCLUSION: The EAHOP model can supplement existing models of pharmacy intervention in residential care by providing organised multidisciplinary collaboration between the General Practitioner, nursing, pharmacist and allied health disciplines. [...]
CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides evidence that pharmacist prescribing has a positive effect on therapeutic outcomes, and that pharmacist prescribing is comparable or better than medical prescribing in secondary care. [...]
CONCLUSION: The positive impact of pharmacist interventions on this patient cohort is evident despite the variability across settings and intervention designs, reflecting the adaptability of pharmacist services. Results also suggest the need for standardized models of care and consistent outcome reporting. [...]
CONCLUSION: This is the first qualitative study examining a pharmacist prescribing pilot outside Anglo-Saxon countries based on experiences from a real national pilot. Findings indicate positive experiences among stakeholders and support for implementation of pharmacist prescriber in Slovenia, with implications for broader applicability. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-managed care for hypertension is an economical and effective strategy in China. These findings support policies that promote the integration of pharmaceutical care into chronic disease management and healthcare payment systems. [...]
CONCLUSION: There was a clear increase in pharmacist prescribing for eligible drugs in the eligible population post-policy implementation. Pharmacists in Ontario appear to be prescribing within policy limits for uncomplicated UTIs and LD prophylaxis. [...]
CONCLUSION: The New Mexico P5 Summit underscored the potential of APPh to mitigate primary care shortages and improve healthcare quality, access, and equity. The collaborative strategies and workgroup initiatives developed provide a framework for legislative, workforce, and payment reforms that leverage pharmacists' expertise. Ongoing stakeholder engagement will be essential to [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-prescribed UPA can enhance access to EC. Education, reimbursement, and support barriers must be addressed, in addition to legislation expansion, to enhance implementation. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led collaborative care for opioid dependence is feasible and acceptable and can provide an at least equivalent standard of care to usual care. Further research is required to establish how collaborative care can maximise prescriber capacity at scale. [...]
Although short-term benefits of clinical pharmacist involvement-such as improved medication adherence and risk-factor control-have been reported in cardiovascular patients, evidence on its impact on long-term outcomes remains limited and inconsistent. We retrospectively reviewed 100 in-patients with cardiovascular diseases treated at our center from January 2019 to December 2021 and followed [...]
CONCLUSION: In nine out of twelve studies, interventions led by pharmacists were found to be effective in improving medication adherence in patients with multimorbidity. Effective interventions showed significant improvement in medication adherence in the intervention group compared with the usual care group. These interventions included counselling sessions, medication management, and [...]
CONCLUSION: This study develops an innovative pharmaceutical service model for drug-susceptible TB patients. The model achieves higher plasma concentrations of INH and RFP, improves treatment efficacy, and reduces the incidence of neutropenia. These findings highlight the clinical significance and potential application value of this model in optimizing TB management. [...]
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The pharmacists-led iron deficiency transitions of care service can improve attainment of follow-up labs and provision of IV iron maintenance doses during care transitions from inpatient to outpatient settings. [...]
CONCLUSION: Broad EMP prescriptive authority through CPAs enables independent resolution of postdischarge prescription issues, improving care continuity, potentially reducing ED revisits, and sparing provider time to optimally take care of patients. This model can serve as a framework for other institutions aiming to optimize pharmacist-driven transitions of care. [...]
This study aims to explore the therapeutic efficacy of evidence-based pharmaceutical interventions in pharmacist-integrated clinic for pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.A total of 200 children with suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or [...]
Background: Several strategies described in the literature regarding the role of pharmacist-led educational interventions to healthcare providers, however, evidence available on the role of education in the Emergency Department (ED) setting on discharge prescriptions is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led education on [...]
Background The patient is an 85-year-old resident of a skilled nursing facility (SNF) who sustained a hip fracture resulting from a fall. This injury required hip surgery and subsequent admission to a rehabilitation facility for a short-term stay. Her past medical history includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and [...]
CONCLUSION: The application of the empirically supported CFIR and Proctor Implementation Outcomes Framework yielded positive results in the delivery of a pharmacy-led pilot mobile pop-up clinic. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Transitions of care (TOC) between hospital, ambulatory and home settings for high-risk adults with chronic diseases are complex, costly and often result in poor health outcomes. Suboptimal care transitions lead to medication errors, non-adherence, decreased self-management skills and inadequate follow-up, all of which contribute to readmissions or emergency department [...]
CONCLUSION: Multilevel alignment and continuous adaptation efforts contributed to successful implementation of a pharmacist-led RPM intervention for hypertension with improvement in reach over time. We share our insights as a resource for primary care practitioners, organizations, and policy makers seeking to implement RPM for hypertension. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist management yielded more consistent quality of care and similar timeliness and parent ratings as pediatrician management of electronic ADHD medication refill requests.Study registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06388694. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the value of integrating pharmacists into HCV treatment teams to meet public health needs. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led education significantly improved insulin injection techniques. Integrating pharmacists into routine diabetes care and reinforcing education is essential to sustain these improvements. These findings underscore that clinical pharmacy interventions make a tangible difference in improving healthcare outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence confirms that pharmacist-led Interventions (including pharmacovigilance, medication counseling, pain management, therapeutic education, and medication reconciliation) effectively reduce adverse events and pain burden in cancer patients while enhancing treatment adherence and QoL. These findings substantiate the critical role of pharmacists as integral members of multidisciplinary teams in optimizing [...]
CONCLUSION: While current pharmacist MTM payment modalities do not entirely compensate for pharmacist costs, pharmacists are successfully obtaining payment for their services. Future advocacy efforts need to focus on establishing consistent billing requirements and increasing payment for service sustainability, as well as educating pharmacists and billing professionals on billing opportunities. [...]
(1) Background: Pharmacist interventions are key to optimizing medication therapy and improving patient outcomes. The CLEO multidimensional tool assesses the clinical, economic, and organizational impact of these interventions, though its use in Portuguese hospital settings is limited. This study explored the predicted impact of pharmacist interventions in the Oncology Department [...]
CONCLUSION: This study provides the framework for assessing patient preferences for expanding pharmacy services in an underserved clinical setting. Clients report baseline trust in pharmacy services but report they do not believe a pharmacist could help with quit using illicit substances. Further studies are needed to fully quantify how pharmacists [...]
CONCLUSION: The Pharmacist Primary Care Certificate Training Program equipped pharmacists with the perceived skills, network, and confidence necessary to practice in outpatient primary care and be more competitive in the job market. However, there are specific barriers that influence long-term program impact, suggesting opportunities for practice transformation and further research. [...]
Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring (HBPM) is fundamental to effective hypertension management. Incorporating community pharmacists into care delivery, especially via hybrid case management methods utilizing digital telemonitoring, presents a promising strategy for enhancing BP control and patient self-management. Nonetheless, the efficacy of these interventions at a national level remains inadequately [...]
CONCLUSION: PIP is highly prevalent in NI care homes and was significantly reduced by a medicine optimisation pharmacist case management model. Clinical pharmacist input in long-term care is warranted to lessen medication-related harm for older adults. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: An interdisciplinary sedation team focused on pre-appointment planning for complex pediatric behavioral patients requiring a procedure in the outpatient setting was associated with reduced appointment and sedation times, a clinically and statistically significant finding, respectively. Future studies should focus on resource utilization and patient and caregiver satisfaction. [...]
BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy is a major and growing challenge for patient safety and health outcomes, and associated with inefficient use of resources. Management requires balancing therapeutic benefits and risks, aligned with clinical and patient priorities. High-quality evidence supporting current guidance for the management of polypharmacy is scarce. The aim of the [...]
Hypertension, a global health burden affecting over a billion individuals, significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive therapies, medication adherence remains a critical challenge, particularly in low-resource settings. Pharmacist-led interventions have emerged as an effective strategy to enhance adherence and optimize blood pressure (BP) [...]
Background: Clinical pharmacy services (CPSs) play a key role in ensuring medication safety, optimizing pharmacotherapy, and improving patient outcomes. While their benefits are well-documented globally, their specific impact within the Saudi healthcare system remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led interventions in a tertiary medical [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist involvement in CKD screening improves public understanding of CKD risk factors, facilitates earlier initiation of treatment, and contributes to better long‑term patient outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: Exposure to diverse skin tone imagery in a Self-Care course overall positively affected students' ability and confidence in identifying conditions in SOC. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacists contribute to the effectiveness of health-focused NGOs through diverse responsibilities and adaptable roles that extend beyond medication management. This study provides a foundational description of how pharmacists working in multinational NGOs perceive their roles, contributions, and professional experiences. Findings highlight key responsibilities, attributes needed for success, and challenges [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation, focusing on the best possible medication history collection and direct contact with physicians, significantly increased the identification and resolution of discrepancies, underlining its role in enhancing patient safety. [...]
The recurrence rate of stroke, particularly ischaemic stroke, is considered high, which highlights the importance of secondary stroke prevention. Pharmacists are becoming increasingly involved in poststroke care. Ease of public access to community pharmacists provides opportunities for pharmacists to educate patients about the significance of secondary stroke prevention. The literature [...]
BACKGROUND: The scope of practice for community pharmacists is evolving globally. Policy drivers are to increase access to primary care, due to the lack of accessibility to general medical practitioners or inappropriate demand on emergency departments. Most implementation studies in this space have reported on determinants for pharmacist prescribing services. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led hypertension management under a CPA significantly improves BP control, time to goal, medication adherence, and reduces hospitalizations compared to physician-only care in a rural, underserved FQHC setting. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist interventions improve BP control in patients with diabetes and hypertension. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that prescriptions made by clinical pharmacists in collaboration with GPs, as specified in the CPA, improved PROs and clinical outcomes for predefined conditions. [...]
Improving adherence enhances therapeutic outcomes in hemodialysis patients; several approaches, including behavioral interventions, were utilized to improve adherence. Examine the effect of a pharmacist-led behavioral change technique (PL-BCT) intervention on hemodialysis patients' adherence to their complex therapeutic regimen and physical indices. Parallel-group, cluster-randomized, controlled trial, in which the patients were [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led FIB-4 screening allowed the pharmacist to identify and subsequently provide appropriate pharmacotherapy recommendations for older adults with elevated risk for advanced fibrosis. Pharmacists providing annual wellness visits or chronic disease management are well positioned to provide screening, education, and treatment recommendations for MASLD. [...]
CONCLUSION: Several factors were identified that influenced successful implementation and delivery of pharmacist prescribing services for patients with mental illness in community care. Improved education and training in mental health along with a clearer definition of the pharmacist prescribing role may support optimal service delivery. Future work evaluating pharmacist prescribing [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-interpreted pt-qPCR significantly improves pathogen detection and optimizes antimicrobial therapy in LRTI patients. Its clinical use may enhance antibiotic stewardship, reduce ICU burden, and support precision medicine in respiratory infections. [...]
CONCLUSION: The ASPIRE intervention was successfully implemented and considered feasible and acceptable by the stakeholders, highlighting its potential to improve care for geriatric patients. The high level of implementation provide a strong basis for the further evaluation of its effectiveness. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led electrolyte ordering in parenteral nutrition was associated with substantially fewer electrolyte abnormalities but no difference in arrhythmias, deaths, or hospital length of stay. Further research is needed to explore electrolyte-relevant outcomes for patients receiving parenteral nutrition. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led chemotherapy counseling significantly improved psychological well-being and HRQoL among oncology patients, highlighting the valuable role of pharmacists in comprehensive cancer care, especially in low-resource settings. [...]
CONCLUSION: Remote pharmaceutical services delivered via a follow-up app effectively reduce the incidence of severe adverse drug reactions and improve medication knowledge, adherence, and quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. This model provides a viable new approach for out-of-hospital management and highlights the value of pharmacists in the [...]
Polypharmacy is prevalent in older people residing in care homes. Deprescribing, reducing or stopping harmful or unnecessary medicines, leads to improvements in patient- and health-system-orientated outcomes. This study identified the barriers and enablers to pharmacists proactively deprescribing in United Kingdon care homes. It draws on methods from behavioural science. Twenty-nine [...]
In this multicenter, nonrandomised comparative study, we evaluated the potential effectiveness of a program to promote the safe use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors led by community pharmacists. The program facilitated early detection of gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs) in patients newly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors and facilitated timely communication with physicians. [...]
CONCLUSION: Remote pharmacist-led care management increased BP control across racial subpopulations and improved medication adherence and acute care service utilization. [...]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), predicted to become the third leading cause of death by 2030 with 3 million annual fatalities, imposes significant health and economic burdens due to its diverse respiratory conditions. Effective management strategies include symptom relief, disease progression control, and exacerbation prevention through interventions like smoking cessation, [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that interventions by clinical pharmacists during the medication review process effectively reduced the number of medications, PIMs, and DDIs while significantly improving adherence to treatment guidelines. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led antibiotic stewardship effectively optimised antibiotic use in geriatric neurology patients, reducing unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure and improving treatment efficiency. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Many psychotropic drugs potentially prolong the QTc interval. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the pharmacist-supported implementation of a new local guideline for QTc monitoring at a psychiatric department and to gather preliminary data on the effectiveness of this intervention. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This case study demonstrates that interventions by a clinical pharmacist prescriber during the medication review process resulted in improved clinical outcomes in the treatment of depression, as well as enhanced quality of life. It represents an important contribution to the development of pharmacist prescribing roles in depression management within [...]
A psychiatric pharmacist can play a critical role in addressing health disparities in black patients by managing both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions. Black patients experience disparities in the treatment of both hypertension and mental health disorders, highlighting the need for innovative care models. This paper describes the integration of a [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist-driven AMSP can be effectively implemented irrespective of the cultural and geographical setting due to their ability to improve prescription practices. [...]
While deprescribing benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZRDs) is crucial for preventing prolonged use and their associated adverse effects, it presents challenges from a healthcare perspective, because of limited resources and time. Recently, a pharmacist-led deprescribing of BZRDs in the treatment of insomnia was introduced in Helsinki's primary care health centres. [...]
Medication reconciliation was adopted as a National Patient Safety Goal by the Joint Commission in 2005 and is now standard practice across care settings. More recently, the concept of medication optimization has gained attention, recognizing that safe medication use requires more than reconciliation alone. Home healthcare (HHC) is one setting [...]
No abstract [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led anticoagulation management model based on the PEAC framework significantly reduced perioperative VTE incidence without increasing adverse events. These findings support broader implementation of proactive, pharmacist-driven strategies to improve thromboprophylaxis quality in orthopedic surgery. [...]
With the advancement of digital technologies, pharmacist-led digital health interventions (DHI) have emerged as a promising strategy to improve hypertension management. This systematic review evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from December 1996 to May 2024, identified via PubMed by incorporating key concepts including DHIs, pharmaceutical care, and hypertension. The [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the family pharmacist system improved TDDI prevention among underage individuals. However, its effectiveness was consistent regardless of the characteristics related to the utilization of the family pharmacist system, indicating that the trend of positively applying the system to those with these characteristics was not supported. [...]
Optimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) can reduce mortality, unplanned hospital admissions and improve quality of life for patients suffering from heart failure (HF). However, GDMT remains underused in primary care. Only a minority of patients on HF registers receive optimal GDMT in the UK. This suboptimal care is compounded by [...]
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that community pharmacist-led interventions targeting cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with T2DM are both clinically effective and cost-efficient. Incorporating pharmacists into diabetes care programs may significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes while reducing long-term healthcare costs in Iran. [...]
Background/Objectives: Pharmacists are highly accessible healthcare providers who have frequent, repeated contact with diverse patient populations. They are poised to offer expanded and comprehensive healthcare, including mental health services. One potential barrier to this is a lack of knowledge, confidence, or training in mental health, which may be overcome with [...]
CONCLUSION: In three Norwegian EDs, junior physicians' work time was predominantly spent on non-medication-related tasks, with only 8.7% dedicated to medication-related tasks. The introduction of clinical pharmacists did not significantly impact junior physicians' overall work-time distribution. Further research should investigate pharmacists' impact on ED care quality and efficiency. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: There exists a critical necessity for pharmacists to augment their comprehension of the medications utilized in smoking cessation. Such enhancement is essential to improve their practices and, consequently, to attain superior outcomes in supporting individuals in their efforts to quit smoking. [...]
Pharmacist-led transitions of care (TOC) services decrease preventable hospital readmission. TOC service implementation assessment can inform translation to real-world settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a TOC service for patients with multiple admissions at a regional hospital using the RE-AIM framework. In this quasi-experimental, [...]
Medication discrepancies at hospital admission are common and may lead to adverse outcomes. Medication reconciliation is a critical process for minimizing medication discrepancies and medication errors at the time of hospital admission. This study aimed to evaluate the role of clinical pharmacists in identifying pharmacotherapy-related issues upon patient admission in [...]
Polypharmacy in older adults increases risks of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), hospitalisations, and mortality. Pharmacist-led interventions using validated tools (e.g., STOPP/START, MAI, STOPPFrail) aim to optimise prescribing, yet their impact on clinical and economic outcomes in UK/Ireland health systems remains underexplored. This systematic review aimed to critically assess the impact [...]
Pharmacist & Outcomes – Open Acess (Free PDF)
CONCLUSION: Machine learning-guided pharmacist interventions improved TB treatment outcomes and reduced costs. Future multicenter studies should validate subtype-specific benefits. [...]
Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is frequently overtreated in emergency departments (EDs), contributing to antimicrobial resistance without improving clinical outcomes. The rapid pace of clinical decision-making and high patient turnover in the ED further predispose clinicians to unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the ED of a [...]
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is accelerating globally, driven by widespread inappropriate antibiotic use and diagnostic uncertainty in primary care. Pharmcist-led point-of-care testing (POCTs) has emerged as a promising model to optimize antibiotic prescribing, improve triage, and strengthen antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Methods: This scoping review synthesizes current evidence, regulatory models, and [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist-led interventions significantly enhance medication adherence and quality of life and may reduce relapse risk among patients with BD-I. However, given the limited number of studies and small pooled sample sizes, the overall evidence remains preliminary, and the findings should be interpreted cautiously rather than as definitive conclusions. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Educational podcasts can improve medical students' attitude towards physician-pharmacist collaboration, particularly when introduced early in the curriculum. Podcasts offer a flexible and scalable format to enhance role understanding and promote interprofessional awareness among students. [...]
Fujihara H, Kishimoto M, Kose E, Shinonaga H, Tanaka E, Nakamichi M, Mizokami F. The impact of pharmacist intervention on FIM gain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders in Kaifukuki rehabilitation wards. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2025; 16: 53-59. [...]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects over 460 million people worldwide and profoundly diminishes their quality of life. Its onset is driven by obesity, sedentary behavior, and genetic predisposition, leading to insulin resistance, progressive beta-cell dysfunction, and complications such as cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Effective management [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Prescribers and clinical pharmacists both responded similarly and consistently to correct inappropriate DOAC prescriptions in response to EHR asynchronous notifications. While pharmacists did not outperform prescribers overall, they demonstrated more nuanced application of medication prescribing guidelines in complex cases. Engaging clinical pharmacists directly may be an efficient implementation strategy [...]
Social isolation and Loneliness (SIL) represent a critical public health issue as they are strongly associated with adverse physical, mental and emotional health and wellbeing outcomes. Community pharmacies are accessible and frequently accessed healthcare locations and are potentially valuable settings for interventions designed to support patients experiencing SIL. However, a [...]
INTRODUCTION: Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS), caused by CSF1R mutations, is a rare autosomal dominant leukodystrophy characterized by rapid neurological decline. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a promising treatment, but the risk of post-transplant complications such as invasive fungal disease (IFD) remains underexplored. Microglial dysfunction in CSF1R-related disorder [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a structured algorithm for penicillin allergy reassessment in emergency settings is both effective and safe. Its application facilitates antibiotic optimization, improves patient safety, and reduces broad-spectrum antibiotic use. This study highlights the role of hospital pharmacists in drug allergy management and antimicrobial stewardship. [...]
Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic formulations can improve outcomes related to poor adherence in psychiatric patients. However, LAIs are known to be high-risk medications that are prone to medication errors, especially during transitions of care. This is often due to incomplete or incorrect medication reconciliation, inadequate documentation, or lapses in communication. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Considering the expected decrease in psychiatrists due to retirements and fewer individuals entering the field, it is important to examine the pharmacist's role in improving mental health outcomes. This study evaluated pharmacist treatment of depression in a behavioral health-integrated virtual (BHIV) clinic where patients were generally followed twice monthly [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacist-led service significantly improved glycaemic control, LDL cholesterol, and self-care behaviour. These findings highlight pharmacists' potential to enhance diabetes management and support public health efforts. [...]
CONCLUSION: The EAHOP model can supplement existing models of pharmacy intervention in residential care by providing organised multidisciplinary collaboration between the General Practitioner, nursing, pharmacist and allied health disciplines. [...]
CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides evidence that pharmacist prescribing has a positive effect on therapeutic outcomes, and that pharmacist prescribing is comparable or better than medical prescribing in secondary care. [...]
CONCLUSION: This is the first qualitative study examining a pharmacist prescribing pilot outside Anglo-Saxon countries based on experiences from a real national pilot. Findings indicate positive experiences among stakeholders and support for implementation of pharmacist prescriber in Slovenia, with implications for broader applicability. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-managed care for hypertension is an economical and effective strategy in China. These findings support policies that promote the integration of pharmaceutical care into chronic disease management and healthcare payment systems. [...]
CONCLUSION: There was a clear increase in pharmacist prescribing for eligible drugs in the eligible population post-policy implementation. Pharmacists in Ontario appear to be prescribing within policy limits for uncomplicated UTIs and LD prophylaxis. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led collaborative care for opioid dependence is feasible and acceptable and can provide an at least equivalent standard of care to usual care. Further research is required to establish how collaborative care can maximise prescriber capacity at scale. [...]
Although short-term benefits of clinical pharmacist involvement-such as improved medication adherence and risk-factor control-have been reported in cardiovascular patients, evidence on its impact on long-term outcomes remains limited and inconsistent. We retrospectively reviewed 100 in-patients with cardiovascular diseases treated at our center from January 2019 to December 2021 and followed [...]
CONCLUSION: In nine out of twelve studies, interventions led by pharmacists were found to be effective in improving medication adherence in patients with multimorbidity. Effective interventions showed significant improvement in medication adherence in the intervention group compared with the usual care group. These interventions included counselling sessions, medication management, and [...]
CONCLUSION: This study develops an innovative pharmaceutical service model for drug-susceptible TB patients. The model achieves higher plasma concentrations of INH and RFP, improves treatment efficacy, and reduces the incidence of neutropenia. These findings highlight the clinical significance and potential application value of this model in optimizing TB management. [...]
CONCLUSION: Broad EMP prescriptive authority through CPAs enables independent resolution of postdischarge prescription issues, improving care continuity, potentially reducing ED revisits, and sparing provider time to optimally take care of patients. This model can serve as a framework for other institutions aiming to optimize pharmacist-driven transitions of care. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Transitions of care (TOC) between hospital, ambulatory and home settings for high-risk adults with chronic diseases are complex, costly and often result in poor health outcomes. Suboptimal care transitions lead to medication errors, non-adherence, decreased self-management skills and inadequate follow-up, all of which contribute to readmissions or emergency department [...]
CONCLUSION: Multilevel alignment and continuous adaptation efforts contributed to successful implementation of a pharmacist-led RPM intervention for hypertension with improvement in reach over time. We share our insights as a resource for primary care practitioners, organizations, and policy makers seeking to implement RPM for hypertension. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist management yielded more consistent quality of care and similar timeliness and parent ratings as pediatrician management of electronic ADHD medication refill requests.Study registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06388694. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the value of integrating pharmacists into HCV treatment teams to meet public health needs. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led education significantly improved insulin injection techniques. Integrating pharmacists into routine diabetes care and reinforcing education is essential to sustain these improvements. These findings underscore that clinical pharmacy interventions make a tangible difference in improving healthcare outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: While current pharmacist MTM payment modalities do not entirely compensate for pharmacist costs, pharmacists are successfully obtaining payment for their services. Future advocacy efforts need to focus on establishing consistent billing requirements and increasing payment for service sustainability, as well as educating pharmacists and billing professionals on billing opportunities. [...]
(1) Background: Pharmacist interventions are key to optimizing medication therapy and improving patient outcomes. The CLEO multidimensional tool assesses the clinical, economic, and organizational impact of these interventions, though its use in Portuguese hospital settings is limited. This study explored the predicted impact of pharmacist interventions in the Oncology Department [...]
BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy is a major and growing challenge for patient safety and health outcomes, and associated with inefficient use of resources. Management requires balancing therapeutic benefits and risks, aligned with clinical and patient priorities. High-quality evidence supporting current guidance for the management of polypharmacy is scarce. The aim of the [...]
Background: Clinical pharmacy services (CPSs) play a key role in ensuring medication safety, optimizing pharmacotherapy, and improving patient outcomes. While their benefits are well-documented globally, their specific impact within the Saudi healthcare system remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led interventions in a tertiary medical [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist involvement in CKD screening improves public understanding of CKD risk factors, facilitates earlier initiation of treatment, and contributes to better long‑term patient outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacists contribute to the effectiveness of health-focused NGOs through diverse responsibilities and adaptable roles that extend beyond medication management. This study provides a foundational description of how pharmacists working in multinational NGOs perceive their roles, contributions, and professional experiences. Findings highlight key responsibilities, attributes needed for success, and challenges [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation, focusing on the best possible medication history collection and direct contact with physicians, significantly increased the identification and resolution of discrepancies, underlining its role in enhancing patient safety. [...]
The recurrence rate of stroke, particularly ischaemic stroke, is considered high, which highlights the importance of secondary stroke prevention. Pharmacists are becoming increasingly involved in poststroke care. Ease of public access to community pharmacists provides opportunities for pharmacists to educate patients about the significance of secondary stroke prevention. The literature [...]
BACKGROUND: The scope of practice for community pharmacists is evolving globally. Policy drivers are to increase access to primary care, due to the lack of accessibility to general medical practitioners or inappropriate demand on emergency departments. Most implementation studies in this space have reported on determinants for pharmacist prescribing services. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led hypertension management under a CPA significantly improves BP control, time to goal, medication adherence, and reduces hospitalizations compared to physician-only care in a rural, underserved FQHC setting. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist interventions improve BP control in patients with diabetes and hypertension. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that prescriptions made by clinical pharmacists in collaboration with GPs, as specified in the CPA, improved PROs and clinical outcomes for predefined conditions. [...]
Improving adherence enhances therapeutic outcomes in hemodialysis patients; several approaches, including behavioral interventions, were utilized to improve adherence. Examine the effect of a pharmacist-led behavioral change technique (PL-BCT) intervention on hemodialysis patients' adherence to their complex therapeutic regimen and physical indices. Parallel-group, cluster-randomized, controlled trial, in which the patients were [...]
CONCLUSION: Several factors were identified that influenced successful implementation and delivery of pharmacist prescribing services for patients with mental illness in community care. Improved education and training in mental health along with a clearer definition of the pharmacist prescribing role may support optimal service delivery. Future work evaluating pharmacist prescribing [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-interpreted pt-qPCR significantly improves pathogen detection and optimizes antimicrobial therapy in LRTI patients. Its clinical use may enhance antibiotic stewardship, reduce ICU burden, and support precision medicine in respiratory infections. [...]
CONCLUSION: Remote pharmaceutical services delivered via a follow-up app effectively reduce the incidence of severe adverse drug reactions and improve medication knowledge, adherence, and quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. This model provides a viable new approach for out-of-hospital management and highlights the value of pharmacists in the [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led chemotherapy counseling significantly improved psychological well-being and HRQoL among oncology patients, highlighting the valuable role of pharmacists in comprehensive cancer care, especially in low-resource settings. [...]
In this multicenter, nonrandomised comparative study, we evaluated the potential effectiveness of a program to promote the safe use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors led by community pharmacists. The program facilitated early detection of gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs) in patients newly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors and facilitated timely communication with physicians. [...]
Polypharmacy is prevalent in older people residing in care homes. Deprescribing, reducing or stopping harmful or unnecessary medicines, leads to improvements in patient- and health-system-orientated outcomes. This study identified the barriers and enablers to pharmacists proactively deprescribing in United Kingdon care homes. It draws on methods from behavioural science. Twenty-nine [...]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), predicted to become the third leading cause of death by 2030 with 3 million annual fatalities, imposes significant health and economic burdens due to its diverse respiratory conditions. Effective management strategies include symptom relief, disease progression control, and exacerbation prevention through interventions like smoking cessation, [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that interventions by clinical pharmacists during the medication review process effectively reduced the number of medications, PIMs, and DDIs while significantly improving adherence to treatment guidelines. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Many psychotropic drugs potentially prolong the QTc interval. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the pharmacist-supported implementation of a new local guideline for QTc monitoring at a psychiatric department and to gather preliminary data on the effectiveness of this intervention. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This case study demonstrates that interventions by a clinical pharmacist prescriber during the medication review process resulted in improved clinical outcomes in the treatment of depression, as well as enhanced quality of life. It represents an important contribution to the development of pharmacist prescribing roles in depression management within [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist-driven AMSP can be effectively implemented irrespective of the cultural and geographical setting due to their ability to improve prescription practices. [...]
A psychiatric pharmacist can play a critical role in addressing health disparities in black patients by managing both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions. Black patients experience disparities in the treatment of both hypertension and mental health disorders, highlighting the need for innovative care models. This paper describes the integration of a [...]
While deprescribing benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZRDs) is crucial for preventing prolonged use and their associated adverse effects, it presents challenges from a healthcare perspective, because of limited resources and time. Recently, a pharmacist-led deprescribing of BZRDs in the treatment of insomnia was introduced in Helsinki's primary care health centres. [...]
Medication reconciliation was adopted as a National Patient Safety Goal by the Joint Commission in 2005 and is now standard practice across care settings. More recently, the concept of medication optimization has gained attention, recognizing that safe medication use requires more than reconciliation alone. Home healthcare (HHC) is one setting [...]
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With the advancement of digital technologies, pharmacist-led digital health interventions (DHI) have emerged as a promising strategy to improve hypertension management. This systematic review evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from December 1996 to May 2024, identified via PubMed by incorporating key concepts including DHIs, pharmaceutical care, and hypertension. The [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the family pharmacist system improved TDDI prevention among underage individuals. However, its effectiveness was consistent regardless of the characteristics related to the utilization of the family pharmacist system, indicating that the trend of positively applying the system to those with these characteristics was not supported. [...]
Optimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) can reduce mortality, unplanned hospital admissions and improve quality of life for patients suffering from heart failure (HF). However, GDMT remains underused in primary care. Only a minority of patients on HF registers receive optimal GDMT in the UK. This suboptimal care is compounded by [...]
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that community pharmacist-led interventions targeting cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with T2DM are both clinically effective and cost-efficient. Incorporating pharmacists into diabetes care programs may significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes while reducing long-term healthcare costs in Iran. [...]
Background/Objectives: Pharmacists are highly accessible healthcare providers who have frequent, repeated contact with diverse patient populations. They are poised to offer expanded and comprehensive healthcare, including mental health services. One potential barrier to this is a lack of knowledge, confidence, or training in mental health, which may be overcome with [...]
CONCLUSIONS: There exists a critical necessity for pharmacists to augment their comprehension of the medications utilized in smoking cessation. Such enhancement is essential to improve their practices and, consequently, to attain superior outcomes in supporting individuals in their efforts to quit smoking. [...]
Medication discrepancies at hospital admission are common and may lead to adverse outcomes. Medication reconciliation is a critical process for minimizing medication discrepancies and medication errors at the time of hospital admission. This study aimed to evaluate the role of clinical pharmacists in identifying pharmacotherapy-related issues upon patient admission in [...]
Polypharmacy in older adults increases risks of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), hospitalisations, and mortality. Pharmacist-led interventions using validated tools (e.g., STOPP/START, MAI, STOPPFrail) aim to optimise prescribing, yet their impact on clinical and economic outcomes in UK/Ireland health systems remains underexplored. This systematic review aimed to critically assess the impact [...]
CONCLUSION: In three Norwegian EDs, junior physicians' work time was predominantly spent on non-medication-related tasks, with only 8.7% dedicated to medication-related tasks. The introduction of clinical pharmacists did not significantly impact junior physicians' overall work-time distribution. Further research should investigate pharmacists' impact on ED care quality and efficiency. [...]
Pharmacist-led transitions of care (TOC) services decrease preventable hospital readmission. TOC service implementation assessment can inform translation to real-world settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a TOC service for patients with multiple admissions at a regional hospital using the RE-AIM framework. In this quasi-experimental, [...]
CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the rate of anti-Xa concentrations that were in goal between groups. This likely stemmed from the use of the same dose adjustment guideline among both groups. This underscores the equal quality of care provided by pharmacists in achieving optimal anticoagulation and positive outcomes. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Pharmacist prescribing has evolved to meet healthcare system needs, but the effectiveness, mechanisms and contextual factors influencing education programmes remain poorly understood. Realist approaches are fairly novel in pharmacy practice research. This realist synthesis aims to answer the question: to what extent do pharmacy prescribing education programs work (or [...]
Background: The use of warfarin is complicated by a narrow therapeutic window, requiring close monitoring to prevent serious adverse events. Literature has shown that pharmacist-led warfarin management improves patient outcomes and decreases hospitalization length of stay. This study assessed the impact of the recently implemented pharmacist-driven warfarin consult service at [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical pharmacist-led deprescribing intervention, designed to reduce the use of PIMs not only significantly decreased the number of prescribed drugs, but also markedly reduced the incidence of ADRs among older inpatients with hip fractures. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Transitions from the emergency department (ED) to home are high-risk periods for medication-related harm. Pharmacist-led interventions during this period may improve medication safety and care continuity, yet co-design approaches to develop such interventions remain underused. The aim of this study is to co-design a pharmacist-led transition of care programme [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led anti-infective consultations demonstrate efficacy in enhancing infection treatment outcomes and curbing antimicrobial expenditures, providing actionable evidence for scaling antimicrobial stewardship programs in one DRG-based hospital in China. [...]
CONCLUSION/LESSONS LEARNED: Opioid deprescribing clinic was time-intensive and patients required close monitoring for implementation of patient-specific opioid deprescribing plans. [...]
CONCLUSION: The new model illustrates how pharmacists can support GPs. New program theory regards the importance of compatible perspectives between pharmacists and GPs on appropriate polypharmacy work, i.e., 'shared mental models', the ways GPs can develop their mental models when interacting with pharmacists, and the usefulness of relational work when [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Most community pharmacists in the United States would be willing to integrate PharmFIT into their current workflows. Training in how to deliver fecal immunochemical testing and preparation for the coordination of test results and follow-up care should be completed prior to implementing PharmFIT. [...]
CONCLUSION: Findings highlight a growing trend of social media-driven decisions regarding weight-loss medication use and the associated risks of unregulated online-purchases. Pharmacists play a crucial role in mitigating adverse outcomes by promoting drug safety and adherence. Policy efforts should focus on enhancing regulations of over-the-counter online sales, strengthening pharmacist-led patient [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that the involvement of pharmacists in the context of emergency cardiac or trauma resuscitations may benefit direct patient outcomes and indirect outcomes. [...]
INTRODUCTION: The increasing emergence of bacteria resistant to antibiotic treatments has become a global public health concern and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This growing threat demands urgent and coordinated action from health systems across the globe. A key driver of antimicrobial resistance is the inappropriate and [...]
Purpose: This study serves to evaluate the potential benefit of pharmacist intervention in ensuring appropriate treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) in adult patients in a community hospital. Methods: This was a single-center, quasi-experimental design, institutional review board (IRB)-approved study comparing antimicrobial use and UTI treatment guidance adherence before (11/2021-1/2022) [...]
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this randomized clinical trial, the AR-PRISE intervention significantly improved AR symptom control (TNSS for the past 2 weeks) compared with standard care over 180 days but did not show significant effects on other coprimary outcomes (AR knowledge, TNSS for the past 12 hours, medication adherence, or [...]
CONCLUSION: The DMTAC programme in public health clinics across Johor, Malaysia, significantly improves HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, BPs and medication understanding, with DMTAC pharmacists playing a key role in supporting multidisciplinary teams through targeted interventions and counselling. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions show promise in improving COPD health outcomes, reinforcing the pharmacist's role in disease management. However, the current evidence base is limited by methodological weaknesses, highlighting the need for high-quality research to validate and expand these findings. . [...]
CONCLUSION: This study offers significant insights into the prevalence, clinical management, and outcomes of HADRs associated with hydroxyurea therapy in pediatric SCD patients. The findings underscore the need for proactive management approaches to optimize treatment outcomes and ensure patient safety. [...]
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are common respiratory disorders that often occur together, affecting quality of life and increasing healthcare expenses of patients. These chronic illnesses are often managed without medical supervision, creating distinct challenges. A lack of resources can limit regular follow-up, which in turn promotes disease mismanagement and [...]
BACKGROUND: Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is a cornerstone in the management of congestive heart failure, offering well-documented benefits in reducing mortality and morbidity. However, despite strong clinical evidence, many eligible patients do not receive optimal GDMT during hospitalization. [...]
CONCLUSION: Collaborative prescribing models are the most commonly described PP models used in cancer services. There is potential for expanding pharmacists' scope of practice in cancer services where this is not routine. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led post-prescription interventions within an established AMS program effectively identified clinically relevant misuse of restricted antimicrobials. Targeted actions on key agents enable high-impact optimization, supported by strong acceptance and cost-saving potential - thereby enhancing stewardship efforts, guiding improvements in diagnostics, and prescribing behavior. [...]
CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that pharmacist involvement in gout management can considerably enhance disease control and improve the overall quality of life for patients. Further research is warranted to identify the most effective components of pharmacist-led interventions and to evaluate their effect on gout outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: By utilizing the MHC model, pharmacists may be better able to address health gaps while leveraging existing resources, and providing services tailored to the needs of the patients within a community. These findings may be used as a guide for the development, implementation, and operation of current and future [...]
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) remains a major global health challenge. Guideline-directed medical therapy can effectively reduce mortality and hospitalizations; however, persistent medication nonadherence hinders its real-world impact. Although recent guidelines emphasize the pivotal role of pharmacists in supporting medication adherence, the mechanisms through which pharmacist-led patient education influences medication adherence [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a structured algorithm for penicillin allergy reassessment in emergency settings is effective and safe. Its application facilitates antibiotic optimization, improves patient safety, and reduces broad-spectrum antibiotic use. This study highlights the role of hospital pharmacists in drug allergy management and antimicrobial stewardship. [...]
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The risk factors contributing to CVD development have been well known for decades, but treatment gaps persist. Pharmacists are frontline primary healthcare providers whose interventions to lower CV risk are supported by rigorous evidence. However, efforts to support the [...]
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where treatment adherence is critical to improving patient outcomes and mitigating drug resistance. In Malaysia, challenges in adherence to TB treatment regimens continue to hinder disease control efforts. This study protocol outlines a pharmacist-led educational [...]
CONCLUSION: A variety of multifaced approaches to pharmacist-led ToC services have been evaluated within many studies, reporting favourable effects on outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease. Tailoring ToC services to specific patient populations and settings, targeting activities to high-risk patients, and a multidisciplinary approach, are important to optimise ToC and [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that participation in a dual-channel policy is widely perceived by community pharmacies as a strategic opportunity, despite the associated operational and systemic challenges. Proactive engagement with the policy not only strengthened their competitive positioning but also contributed to improved pharmaceutical services and patient care outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led MRs in a pain clinic have demonstrated significant clinical impact. By identifying predictors of effective interventions, this study provides insights for targeting patients who may benefit most. Furthermore, the recognition of pharmacists' expertise by the interdisciplinary team supports the integration of pharmacy-led initiatives to enhance collaborative care and [...]
Background: The effective management of psychotic and bipolar disorders in tertiary care can improve patient outcomes, yet the role of clinical pharmacists in optimising psychotropic medication use remains underexplored in South Africa. This study aims to investigate the role and interventions of clinical pharmacists in managing psychotic and bipolar disorders [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A dedicated pharmacist comanagement telehealth program for patients with HFrEF proved effective at improving GDMT use and reducing cardiac hospitalizations. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The SMART formulary reduced the total cost of care for a cohort of charitable care patients enrolled in a primary care clinic at a large urban academic medical center in Baltimore, Maryland. [...]