Publications | Pharmacists & Patient Outcomes
Pharmacist & Outcomes – ALL
Purpose: While intravenous (IV) iron repletion is an effective tool to treat anemia and improve outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD), guideline laboratory definitions of iron deficiency differ, resulting in variability in screening and repletion strategies. This study sought to describe current practices surrounding identification and treatment of iron deficiency [...]
CONCLUSION: The implementation of pharmacist-led anticoagulation services in primary care settings was identified as both feasible and essential for improving patient outcomes. The insights from this study can inform future initiatives aimed at enhancing anticoagulation management in primary care settings. [...]
CONCLUSION: The IMMENSE intervention significantly reduced the risk of PIMs at discharge, with no effect on PPOs. Living in nursing homes, home care facilities, or institutions prior to hospitalization increased the risk of PPOs at discharge. Pharmacists may contribute to improved medication appropriateness in older hospitalized patients. [...]
CONCLUSION: The impact of pharmacist-led interventions in rural pharmacies allowed the detection of a high number of drug-related issues and significantly reduced the number of DRPs and PIPs, preventing negative health outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective cohort study, a pharmacist-led MTM program was associated with favorable GDMT optimization and lower risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in CS patients with HF. [...]
CONCLUSION: Existing evidence demonstrates the positive impact of pharmacists' involvement in AMS. There needs to be a concerted effort in facilitating pharmacists' roles in AMS across all countries, irrespective of income setting. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist prescribing has increased significantly over a short period of time. Environmental supports (e.g., time, space, access to patient records), government funding, peer support, and public awareness are needed to optimize and fully implement these practice changes. [...]
CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the importance of addressing discrepancies made by patients after hospital discharge, which can result in potentially harmful outcomes. It also shows that a pharmacist-led hospital intervention can significantly reduce discrepancies in the early post-discharge period. These findings can guide the development of future services to improve [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Consumers were supportive of pharmacists working to their full scope of practice to provide expanded services, whereas pharmacists, while open to the idea, highlighted that there were barriers to overcome. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high incidence of DRPs and malnutrition risk in ICU patients with renal dysfunction, emphasizing the vital role of clinical pharmacists. Their collaboration with healthcare professionals significantly reduced both DRPs and NRPs. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Following implementation of a pharmacist-driven AUC monitoring program, patients were less likely to develop nephrotoxicity during outpatient vancomycin therapy. [...]
As the landscape of psychiatry evolves, psychiatric clinical pharmacists are positioned to use their expertise to enhance the quality of care on inpatient child and adolescent units. By playing key roles in comprehensive medication management, psychotropic stewardship, transitions of care, and educational initiatives, they can help not only interdisciplinary teams [...]
BACKGROUND: Group education has demonstrated benefits among people with diabetes, including reduced A1C and improved self-monitoring practices. Despite this, attendance rates are low for a variety of reasons, including lack of understanding of potential benefits among patients. [...]
Background: Critical care pharmacists complete comprehensive medication reviews in Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) patients at Intensive Care Unit Recovery Centers (ICU-RCs) to optimize medication therapies after hospital discharge. Inpatient pharmacists often complete medication reconciliations prior to hospital discharge, which could affect interventions at an ICU-RC. However, this association remains [...]
CONCLUSION: While low patient enrollment limited the ability to observe trends and draw conclusions about the potential impact of the intervention, enrollment barriers and lessons learned highlight opportunities to refine the intervention with the goal of improving the outcomes and well-being of PWE. [...]
Background: Although electronic consults (e-consults) are utilized in healthcare systems by medical professionals, use of e-consults by pharmacy remains novel outside of niche disease states. Additional research is required to fill literature gaps to assist in optimizing the pharmacist's role in e-consult programs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the [...]
Purpose: Ambulatory care pharmacists (ACPs) on healthcare teams improve patient outcomes and can manage multiple chronic disease states. ACPs have demonstrated clinical benefit but need to prove financial sustainability. The primary objective of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of utilizing ACPs for diabetes mellitus (DM) management. Methods: This [...]
Contemporary patient care requires a multidisciplinary approach to monitoring, assessing, and managing diseases. Promoting multidisciplinary approaches encourages the purposeful participation of many healthcare professionals and harnessing their combined knowledge to provide tailored treatment plans. Pharmacists, skilled and knowledgeable professionals in medication management, drug-related problems, and disease prevention, can offer vital [...]
CONCLUSION: HMRs targeting TTs improved health outcomes in people with COPD. Credentialed pharmacists in primary care can work alongside general practitioners to optimise COPD management. [...]
DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be [...]
CONCLUSION: Patients presenting with STEMI rapidly traverse multiple phases of care and receive a host of antithrombotic and supportive medications during acute management, presenting many important pharmacotherapeutic decision points and roles for pharmacists. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacist-driven weekend AMS is an opportunity for pharmacists to intervene and optimize patients' care plans. This initiative demonstrated significant increased AMS-related interventions, promoted judicious antimicrobial use, and contributed to a reduced length of hospital stay. Our findings need to be replicated in a larger prospective study. [...]
In Mexico, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern. As experts in drug therapy, pharmacists are essential additions to multidisciplinary diabetes patient care teams. There have been no systematic reviews or meta-analyses performed on pharmacist-led interventions (PIs) in Mexico; therefore, the impact of PIs on patients [...]
CONCLUSION: This clinical pharmacist driven service leveraged technology and patient connection to increase medication adherence in patients with chronic disease states and led to improvement in select disease control measures and substantial healthcare cost savings. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a pharmacist discharge medication service requires consideration of -pharmacist time and salary, which may be offset by cost-avoidance. [...]
Background: Frailty and polymedication are closely interrelated. Addressing these concurrent conditions in primary care settings relies on the utilization of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) lists and medication reviews (MRs), particularly in rural areas, where healthcare professionals serve as the sole point of access to the medical system. The aim of [...]
CONCLUSION: By presenting screenshots of our SmartForm©, our findings are useful to other healthcare systems looking for a PROM solution integrated in the EHR, with a reasonable pharmacist/clinician workload, and no requirement for patients to have internet access/comfort. [...]
CONCLUSION: A new feasible, complex MR intervention utilising clinical pharmacists in general practice involving hospital clinical pharmacists in a real-life setting was developed. [...]
CONCLUSION: A combination of ToC and PHP services reduced 30-, 60-, and 90-day readmission rates in an MV-BP population. These results support the expansion of pharmacy-based ToC to minimize readmissions within 90 days for this Medicare population. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmaceutical care services improved the medication adherence, quality of life and clinical outcomes of patients with stroke. [...]
CONCLUSION: Findings showed pharmacist interventions had mixed results for various outcomes. Future studies should be more robustly designed and take into consideration the role of the pharmacist in prescribing and deprescribing, the findings of which will help inform research and clinical practice. [...]
CONCLUSION: HF pharmacists can optimise patients' HF and non-HF medical therapy typically within 3 months. By reviewing all prescribed medications, HF pharmacists provide a holistic review of all medications. They can play a vital role in addressing the underutilisation of HF medical therapy and thereby improving patient outcomes. [...]
Objective: The objective is to evaluate the impact of consultant pharmacist-directed anticoagulation management in the post-acute and long-term care (PALTC) setting. Design: Retrospective study. Participants: Patients whose clinical details were included in the ASCP aggregate data and were older than 65 years of age, admitted to PALTC facility, and had [...]
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections are common affections, especially for women. Difficult access to a general practitioner to obtain a prescription has led France to offer dispensing under protocol by community pharmacists. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacist care protocol provided to manage [...]
Background: Many infectious diseases are diagnosed in emergency departments (ED) and patients are prescribed antimicrobial therapy. Results from cultures typically take a few days to become finalized. Following up on these results is necessary when medication changes are indicated due to results that show bacteria are resistant to the prescribed [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a collaborative model of pharmacist and nurse-led type 2 DM intervention was effective in improving A1c outcomes and reducing healthcare utilization in the long term. [...]
Background: Patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at high risk for morbidity and rehospitalizations. Pharmacists can play a vital role in secondary prevention by providing services such as medication reconciliation and patient education upon discharge. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a [...]
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacy intervention protocol effectively improved medication adherence and optimised medication regimens in diabetic patients with chronic medication regimens in an ambulatory healthcare centre. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the potential cost-effectiveness of integrating clinical pharmacy services into comprehensive care strategies. Findings support the broader coverage and reimbursement of such services to optimize clinical outcomes and reduce long-term healthcare costs. [...]
BACKGROUND: The benefit of generalist pharmacists working within primary care networks (PCNs) and with general practitioners (GPs) is established. We wished to evaluate the contributions and potential benefits of a specialist mental health care prescribing pharmacist within PCNs. [...]
CONCLUSION: The systematic review identified limited literature on pharmacist-led interventions for unused and expired household medication disposal practices, with no observed significant effects. Active patient and pharmacist engagement were required to enhance the effectiveness of interventions. Furthermore, the included limited studies suggested the need for the development of more pharmacist-led [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists can target publicly insured elderly (Groups B and E) and privately insured middle-aged females (Group C) for interventions. For instance, pharmacists may help patients in Groups B and E locate existing resources in their insurance program and remind those in Group C of the importance of adequate diabetes [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Protocol-based antimicrobial treatment for aspiration pneumonia supports appropriate antimicrobial usage and improves patient quality of life. These findings will assist in the effective treatment of aspiration pneumonia in an aging society. [...]
CONCLUSION: Our study found that GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5 and Chatsonic in answering North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination pharmacy licensure examination practice questions, particularly excelling in answering questions related to ADRs. These results suggest that advanced LLMs such as GPT-4 could be used for applications in pharmacy education. [...]
CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that CPPs' roles in headache care are valuable to clinical colleagues and their patients and should be leveraged and expanded within HCoEs and non-HCoE VHA facilities. When substantively integrated into interdisciplinary headache care teams, CPPs offer unique knowledge, headache management and patient behavior change [...]
Busulfan (Bu) is an important component of many conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The therapeutic window of Bu is well characterized, with strong associations between Bu exposure and the clinical outcome in adults (strongest evidence in myelo-ablative setting) and children (all settings). We provide an overview of the [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Broad support exists for pharmacist-led anticoagulation clinics in primary care, though additional pharmacist training and accountability concerns need to be addressed for successful implementation. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Early adoption of the DOAC population management tool dashboard was associated with decreased rates of off-label DOAC dosing prescription and reduced bleeding. Following adoption of the DOAC population management tool dashboard, all sites experienced reductions in venous thromboembolism and stroke events. [...]
CONCLUSION: There is mixed evidence of effectiveness for medication reviews across settings and patient populations. There is limited data about the implementation of medication reviews, therefore is difficult to ascertain which components of the intervention lead to improved outcomes. As medication reviews are widely implemented in practice, further research should [...]
Objective: To evaluate the difference in proportion of patients receiving antimicrobials within one hour of sepsis recognition at sepsis-related Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls, without or with a sepsis-credentialed pharmacist. Design: Retrospective pre and post-intervention study. Setting: Single centre tertiary referral hospital. Participants: Patients admitted to the General Medicine Unit [...]
CONCLUSION: The empathy game simulation was a successful approach to increase empathy scores in third-year pharmacy students. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the magnitude of MEs experienced in hospitalised PLHIV and highlights the role clinical pharmacists play in identifying and resolving MEs to improve patient outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a pharmacist-guided pharmacogenomics based dosing service aided in optimizing drug therapy and has positioned Dartmouth Health for further expansion of pharmacogenomics and personalized patient care. [...]
Background: Transitions of care (TOC) are important to best practices as they are at times prone to medication errors. The intensive care unit (ICU) is an essential location needing effective TOC due to many reasons, but an important one being that certain medications are only indicated there. One example is [...]
CONCLUSION: A PETS-initiated NRT program in PAC is feasible and increased preoperative use of NRT and Quitline© with minimal impact on smoking cessation. SO WHAT?: This study has highlighted the importance of implementing a multidisciplinary smoking cessation program in PAC however, larger studies are needed to determine the true impact [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacy and other healthcare professional training programs should create opportunities for exposure to the SDOH experienced by their patients through immersive learning and/or experiential education. [...]
The World Health Organization has recommended that the management of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should be undertaken using an integrated approach delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Although the composition of an IBD multidisciplinary team has been well described, the inclusion of an IBD pharmacist as a [...]
Canada's 50,000+ pharmacists play a crucial role in the comprehensive delivery of primary care. Recognizing this, a program in alignment with the Team Primary Care national initiative was developed to enhance their skills and knowledge in collaborative care, aiming to cultivate advanced primary care pharmacist leaders. The curriculum development involved [...]
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide and the fifth most common cause of cancer death overall. Most women with breast cancer have a good prognosis if the cancer is detected at an early stage and the patients have access to the appropriate treatment and [...]
CONCLUSION: Our study's findings demonstrated SVR rates that were comparable with other pharmacist-directed HCV treatment services in the United States despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study included a higher proportion of individuals with HCV/HIV co-infection and of Hispanic ethnicity. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study establishes the evaluation of clinical pharmacist interventions on opioid medication use in patients with cancer, an issue particularly in oncology settings in Pakistan. The findings emphasize the crucial role of clinical pharmacists in addressing issues related to opioid issue medications, thus improving patient safety and optimizing opioid [...]
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study has shown the impact of pharmacist-led antihypertensive clinics in systolic BP control and achieving high patient satisfaction. The study generated insights into participant cooperation with pharmacist services and needs. More research on different outcomes is planned for future studies, including systematic pharmacotherapy work-up, patient medication [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that remote pharmacist intervention significantly improves blood glucose control in adults with T2DM. [...]
CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients attending at least four DMTAC sessions showed potential improvements in FBS levels. To enhance attendance at DMTAC sessions, healthcare professionals should focus on patients identified with risk factors for non-completion of DMTAC. [...]
In the United States, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. Despite advancements in the identification of risk factors and management of CVD leading to improved mortality over the years, disparities in outcomes persist among racial/ethnic groups. In this commentary, we discuss the multifaceted nature of this issue, [...]
CONCLUSION: In this study, pharmacist-led interventions resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements in sustained uncontrolled HTN among minority populations. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led PC can positively affect pharmaceutical therapy-related quality of life using PROMPT in HF patients. Additionally, PROMPT is more sensitive to PC provision than EQ-5D-5L and MLHFQ. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This small pilot study provides some preliminary evidence for performance and feasibility of a CDSS to identify DRPs that pharmacists will act on. Future research is recommended to validate these findings in a larger sample. [...]
CONCLUSION: The COPD clinical pharmacy service led to an increase in guideline-driven pharmacotherapy regimens for patients with COPD while having an overall decrease in morbidity. Quality measures were also addressed and satisfied after the appointment. Continuation of this quality improvement service will ensure proper assessment of COPD along with addressing [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led management of GLP-1 RA in patients with obesity or overweight led to clinically meaningful weight loss and improvements in weight-related comorbidities. [...]
This is a systematic literature review on the impact of pharmacists in rheumatology, conducted using the PubMed^(®), CINAHL^(®), Cochrane Library^(®), and Web of science^(®) databases and using the PRISMA 2020 checklist. This review was conducted from 2000 to June 2024. A quality analysis was performed. The selection of articles, as [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The CPD framework may be a useful approach to support pharmacist development in hospital and health system settings and facilitate performance reviews. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led interventions have been reported to reduce overprescribing in primary care settings in the UK but a shortage of high-quality evidence means that more rigorous studies using high-quality designs are needed. More research is also needed in community pharmacy settings; to assess intervention effects on patient outcomes other than [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This project formalized a standardized and sustainable TOC pharmacist workflow that demonstrated a positive impact on tobacco cessation efforts for participating patients. [...]
Reporting interventions thoroughly and consistently in the literature allows for study reproducibility or implementation of the intervention into practice. Although there is currently no standard for describing Board-Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP) interventions in the published literature, there are multiple checklists or guides that have been developed for reporting clinical interventions, [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions are effective at improving clinically important outcomes in the perioperative setting; however, most studies were of moderate quality. Studies lacked the utilization of theory to develop interventions; therefore, it is not clear whether theory-derived interventions are more effective than those without a theoretical element. Future research should [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this pilot study support the feasibility of a telehealth-delivered, pharmacist-partnered opioid tapering service for patients scheduled for primary hip or knee arthroplasty. A broader multicentre study to examine the effectiveness of this intervention on clinical outcomes is warranted. [...]
In this article the pivotal role of hospital pharmacists in the multidisciplinary management of epilepsy is discussed. Hospital pharmacists are members of national and local ethics committees, oversee clinical trials, and ensure adherence to regulations for patient access to novel therapeutic treatments. They actively contribute to regulatory processes and the [...]
Background This qualitative study aimed to collect information regarding pharmacists' roles in telepharmacy and chronic disease management (CDM). The literature review was conducted on historical overview, CDM overview, social determinants of health (SDOH), disparities, hospital readmissions, adverse drug events, best practices, and global implications of telepharmacy. Materials and methods Eleven [...]
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This randomized clinical trial found that pharmacist OAC prescription is a potentially high-yield opportunity to effectively close gaps in the delivery of stroke risk reduction therapy for AF. Scalability and sustainability of pharmacist OAC prescription will require larger trials demonstrating effectiveness and safety. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The demographics of patients receiving CMM became more diverse with the intervention, indicating improved access to CMM pharmacists. Cultivating relationships among patients with greater social disadvantage and cardiovascular disease and CMM pharmacists may improve health outcomes and connect patients to essential resources, thus potentially improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacy services contributed to improved adherence, higher rates of imaging, and shorter time between imaging and treatment changes in NSCLC patients who were taking EGFRi regimens. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists appreciated conversion activity and grasped its concepts despite little clinical experience. Consider possible enabling and barrier factors and essential considerations before taking action. Local guidelines and instructional materials that emphasise application or implementation are encouraged. Furthermore, the implementation project must be piloted and evaluated for clinical and economic [...]
No abstract [...]
CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics between patient characteristics, health status, medication adherence, and QOL within the context of the patient-pharmacist relationships. [...]
CONCLUSION: More studies are needed in order to conclude the impact of pharmacist education on the increasing purchase of naloxone. [...]
CONCLUSION: This systematic review identified common themes and components, for example, goal setting, action planning, additional support and follow-up, that may influence outcomes of pharmacist-led medication reviews. Researchers, health professionals and commissioners could use these for a comprehensive evaluation of medication review implementation. [...]
CONCLUSION: Patients' IP significantly improved after pharmacists' educational intervention. Predictors of IP were drug therapies, alcohol use and Gleason score. Findings can be extrapolated in clinical settings to improve treatment outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study showed increased visibility and awareness of pharmacist roles in the MUP by all stakeholders, compared to previous research showing pharmacist roles limited to dispensing. Known barriers to pharmacy practice such as lack of provider status and reimbursement were not reported by any of the stakeholders in this [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions demonstrated superior outcomes in optimizing AC therapy compared with usual care. Further research is needed to evaluate pharmacist-led interventions' cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023487362. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study shows the potential efficacy of pharmacist-led intervention in enhancing adherence to inhaler, inhalation technique, and disease control in respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. [...]
CONCLUSION: Our findings support the idea that community pharmacists are well positioned with the knowledge to play an important role in epilepsy care. However, dedicated training tailored to community pharmacists' needs may improve their confidence in providing such care. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led application of STOPPFrail to frail older nursing home residents is associated with significant cost avoidance. Wider implementation of pharmacist interventions in frail older nursing home residents should be considered to reduce potentially inappropriate medications and patient harm, alongside substantial cost savings for healthcare systems. [...]
Unplanned hospital readmission is a safety and quality healthcare measure, conferring significant costs to the healthcare system. Elderly individuals, particularly, are at high risk of readmissions, often due to issues related to medication management. Pharmacists play a pivotal role in addressing medication-related concerns, which can potentially reduce readmissions. This retrospective [...]
CONCLUSION: The position-oriented diversified learning system achieves the perfect combination of department development direction and individual career planning of employees. The learning system can significantly improve the learning efficiency of pharmacists, enhance the quality of various pharmaceutical care, and promote the development of disciplines. [...]
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: STOPPFrail-guided deprescribing led by a pharmacist in nursing homes appeared to significantly reduce PIMs, medication costs (initially), and anticholinergic and sedative burdens, without adversely affecting other patient outcomes. Greater consideration should therefore be given to the wider integration of pharmacists into nursing homes to optimize the medications [...]
CONCLUSION: Whilst there is some evidence of positive impacts of pharmacist intervention on clinical outcomes and optimizing drug therapy, this evidence is generally of low quality and insufficient volume. While this review suggests that pharmacists have essential roles in improving the care of patients undergoing surgery, more research with rigorous [...]
CONCLUSION: The PSPSQ 2.0 was successfully translated and culturally adapted into the Arabic language and had acceptable validity and reliability to measure patient satisfaction with services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies. [...]
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CONCLUSION: The IMMENSE intervention significantly reduced the risk of PIMs at discharge, with no effect on PPOs. Living in nursing homes, home care facilities, or institutions prior to hospitalization increased the risk of PPOs at discharge. Pharmacists may contribute to improved medication appropriateness in older hospitalized patients. [...]
CONCLUSION: The impact of pharmacist-led interventions in rural pharmacies allowed the detection of a high number of drug-related issues and significantly reduced the number of DRPs and PIPs, preventing negative health outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective cohort study, a pharmacist-led MTM program was associated with favorable GDMT optimization and lower risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in CS patients with HF. [...]
CONCLUSION: Existing evidence demonstrates the positive impact of pharmacists' involvement in AMS. There needs to be a concerted effort in facilitating pharmacists' roles in AMS across all countries, irrespective of income setting. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist prescribing has increased significantly over a short period of time. Environmental supports (e.g., time, space, access to patient records), government funding, peer support, and public awareness are needed to optimize and fully implement these practice changes. [...]
CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the importance of addressing discrepancies made by patients after hospital discharge, which can result in potentially harmful outcomes. It also shows that a pharmacist-led hospital intervention can significantly reduce discrepancies in the early post-discharge period. These findings can guide the development of future services to improve [...]
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high incidence of DRPs and malnutrition risk in ICU patients with renal dysfunction, emphasizing the vital role of clinical pharmacists. Their collaboration with healthcare professionals significantly reduced both DRPs and NRPs. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Following implementation of a pharmacist-driven AUC monitoring program, patients were less likely to develop nephrotoxicity during outpatient vancomycin therapy. [...]
BACKGROUND: Group education has demonstrated benefits among people with diabetes, including reduced A1C and improved self-monitoring practices. Despite this, attendance rates are low for a variety of reasons, including lack of understanding of potential benefits among patients. [...]
Background: Although electronic consults (e-consults) are utilized in healthcare systems by medical professionals, use of e-consults by pharmacy remains novel outside of niche disease states. Additional research is required to fill literature gaps to assist in optimizing the pharmacist's role in e-consult programs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the [...]
Purpose: Ambulatory care pharmacists (ACPs) on healthcare teams improve patient outcomes and can manage multiple chronic disease states. ACPs have demonstrated clinical benefit but need to prove financial sustainability. The primary objective of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of utilizing ACPs for diabetes mellitus (DM) management. Methods: This [...]
Contemporary patient care requires a multidisciplinary approach to monitoring, assessing, and managing diseases. Promoting multidisciplinary approaches encourages the purposeful participation of many healthcare professionals and harnessing their combined knowledge to provide tailored treatment plans. Pharmacists, skilled and knowledgeable professionals in medication management, drug-related problems, and disease prevention, can offer vital [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacist-driven weekend AMS is an opportunity for pharmacists to intervene and optimize patients' care plans. This initiative demonstrated significant increased AMS-related interventions, promoted judicious antimicrobial use, and contributed to a reduced length of hospital stay. Our findings need to be replicated in a larger prospective study. [...]
In Mexico, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern. As experts in drug therapy, pharmacists are essential additions to multidisciplinary diabetes patient care teams. There have been no systematic reviews or meta-analyses performed on pharmacist-led interventions (PIs) in Mexico; therefore, the impact of PIs on patients [...]
CONCLUSION: This clinical pharmacist driven service leveraged technology and patient connection to increase medication adherence in patients with chronic disease states and led to improvement in select disease control measures and substantial healthcare cost savings. [...]
Background: Frailty and polymedication are closely interrelated. Addressing these concurrent conditions in primary care settings relies on the utilization of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) lists and medication reviews (MRs), particularly in rural areas, where healthcare professionals serve as the sole point of access to the medical system. The aim of [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a pharmacist discharge medication service requires consideration of -pharmacist time and salary, which may be offset by cost-avoidance. [...]
CONCLUSION: A new feasible, complex MR intervention utilising clinical pharmacists in general practice involving hospital clinical pharmacists in a real-life setting was developed. [...]
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections are common affections, especially for women. Difficult access to a general practitioner to obtain a prescription has led France to offer dispensing under protocol by community pharmacists. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacist care protocol provided to manage [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacy intervention protocol effectively improved medication adherence and optimised medication regimens in diabetic patients with chronic medication regimens in an ambulatory healthcare centre. [...]
BACKGROUND: The benefit of generalist pharmacists working within primary care networks (PCNs) and with general practitioners (GPs) is established. We wished to evaluate the contributions and potential benefits of a specialist mental health care prescribing pharmacist within PCNs. [...]
CONCLUSION: The systematic review identified limited literature on pharmacist-led interventions for unused and expired household medication disposal practices, with no observed significant effects. Active patient and pharmacist engagement were required to enhance the effectiveness of interventions. Furthermore, the included limited studies suggested the need for the development of more pharmacist-led [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Broad support exists for pharmacist-led anticoagulation clinics in primary care, though additional pharmacist training and accountability concerns need to be addressed for successful implementation. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Early adoption of the DOAC population management tool dashboard was associated with decreased rates of off-label DOAC dosing prescription and reduced bleeding. Following adoption of the DOAC population management tool dashboard, all sites experienced reductions in venous thromboembolism and stroke events. [...]
CONCLUSION: There is mixed evidence of effectiveness for medication reviews across settings and patient populations. There is limited data about the implementation of medication reviews, therefore is difficult to ascertain which components of the intervention lead to improved outcomes. As medication reviews are widely implemented in practice, further research should [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the magnitude of MEs experienced in hospitalised PLHIV and highlights the role clinical pharmacists play in identifying and resolving MEs to improve patient outcomes. [...]
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide and the fifth most common cause of cancer death overall. Most women with breast cancer have a good prognosis if the cancer is detected at an early stage and the patients have access to the appropriate treatment and [...]
CONCLUSION: Our study's findings demonstrated SVR rates that were comparable with other pharmacist-directed HCV treatment services in the United States despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study included a higher proportion of individuals with HCV/HIV co-infection and of Hispanic ethnicity. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study establishes the evaluation of clinical pharmacist interventions on opioid medication use in patients with cancer, an issue particularly in oncology settings in Pakistan. The findings emphasize the crucial role of clinical pharmacists in addressing issues related to opioid issue medications, thus improving patient safety and optimizing opioid [...]
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study has shown the impact of pharmacist-led antihypertensive clinics in systolic BP control and achieving high patient satisfaction. The study generated insights into participant cooperation with pharmacist services and needs. More research on different outcomes is planned for future studies, including systematic pharmacotherapy work-up, patient medication [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that remote pharmacist intervention significantly improves blood glucose control in adults with T2DM. [...]
CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients attending at least four DMTAC sessions showed potential improvements in FBS levels. To enhance attendance at DMTAC sessions, healthcare professionals should focus on patients identified with risk factors for non-completion of DMTAC. [...]
This is a systematic literature review on the impact of pharmacists in rheumatology, conducted using the PubMed^(®), CINAHL^(®), Cochrane Library^(®), and Web of science^(®) databases and using the PRISMA 2020 checklist. This review was conducted from 2000 to June 2024. A quality analysis was performed. The selection of articles, as [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led interventions have been reported to reduce overprescribing in primary care settings in the UK but a shortage of high-quality evidence means that more rigorous studies using high-quality designs are needed. More research is also needed in community pharmacy settings; to assess intervention effects on patient outcomes other than [...]
Reporting interventions thoroughly and consistently in the literature allows for study reproducibility or implementation of the intervention into practice. Although there is currently no standard for describing Board-Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP) interventions in the published literature, there are multiple checklists or guides that have been developed for reporting clinical interventions, [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions are effective at improving clinically important outcomes in the perioperative setting; however, most studies were of moderate quality. Studies lacked the utilization of theory to develop interventions; therefore, it is not clear whether theory-derived interventions are more effective than those without a theoretical element. Future research should [...]
In this article the pivotal role of hospital pharmacists in the multidisciplinary management of epilepsy is discussed. Hospital pharmacists are members of national and local ethics committees, oversee clinical trials, and ensure adherence to regulations for patient access to novel therapeutic treatments. They actively contribute to regulatory processes and the [...]
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This randomized clinical trial found that pharmacist OAC prescription is a potentially high-yield opportunity to effectively close gaps in the delivery of stroke risk reduction therapy for AF. Scalability and sustainability of pharmacist OAC prescription will require larger trials demonstrating effectiveness and safety. [...]
Background This qualitative study aimed to collect information regarding pharmacists' roles in telepharmacy and chronic disease management (CDM). The literature review was conducted on historical overview, CDM overview, social determinants of health (SDOH), disparities, hospital readmissions, adverse drug events, best practices, and global implications of telepharmacy. Materials and methods Eleven [...]
CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics between patient characteristics, health status, medication adherence, and QOL within the context of the patient-pharmacist relationships. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study showed increased visibility and awareness of pharmacist roles in the MUP by all stakeholders, compared to previous research showing pharmacist roles limited to dispensing. Known barriers to pharmacy practice such as lack of provider status and reimbursement were not reported by any of the stakeholders in this [...]
CONCLUSION: This study shows the potential efficacy of pharmacist-led intervention in enhancing adherence to inhaler, inhalation technique, and disease control in respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led application of STOPPFrail to frail older nursing home residents is associated with significant cost avoidance. Wider implementation of pharmacist interventions in frail older nursing home residents should be considered to reduce potentially inappropriate medications and patient harm, alongside substantial cost savings for healthcare systems. [...]
Unplanned hospital readmission is a safety and quality healthcare measure, conferring significant costs to the healthcare system. Elderly individuals, particularly, are at high risk of readmissions, often due to issues related to medication management. Pharmacists play a pivotal role in addressing medication-related concerns, which can potentially reduce readmissions. This retrospective [...]
CONCLUSION: The position-oriented diversified learning system achieves the perfect combination of department development direction and individual career planning of employees. The learning system can significantly improve the learning efficiency of pharmacists, enhance the quality of various pharmaceutical care, and promote the development of disciplines. [...]
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: STOPPFrail-guided deprescribing led by a pharmacist in nursing homes appeared to significantly reduce PIMs, medication costs (initially), and anticholinergic and sedative burdens, without adversely affecting other patient outcomes. Greater consideration should therefore be given to the wider integration of pharmacists into nursing homes to optimize the medications [...]
CONCLUSION: The PSPSQ 2.0 was successfully translated and culturally adapted into the Arabic language and had acceptable validity and reliability to measure patient satisfaction with services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the prevalence of GC-related problems is high in patients with rheumatic diseases. Integrating clinical pharmacists into the multidisciplinary rheumatology team provides an advantage in effectively identifying and managing GC-related problems at an early stage. [...]
CONCLUSION: Patients in the PLAC group had a significantly higher median TTR than those in the UMC group did. There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes between the groups, except for fewer all-cause emergency department visits in the PLAC group. [...]
Home hospitalization represents an alternative to traditional hospitalization, providing comparable clinical safety for hematological patients. At-home therapies can range from the delivery of intravenous antibiotics to more complex scenarios, such as the care during the early period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Early discharge [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the critical role pharmacists play in enhancing medication safety and patient care efficiency in special housing for individuals with dementia. Despite the value of their contributions, communication barriers within healthcare teams pose significant challenges. Recognising potential pharmacist role expansion is essential to alleviate the workload of [...]
CONCLUSION: The algorithm identified patients without necessary gastroprotection or inappropriate PPIs with high specificity and acceptable sensitivity. It positively impacted the rational use of PPIs by reducing incidents of missing and inappropriate PPIs. [...]
CONCLUSION: Overall, patients reported positive perceptions, experiences, and satisfaction with the cancer services pharmacist counselling services during their oral antineoplastic treatment. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists provide screening for a variety of mental illnesses in different settings. Various referral methods and follow-up pathways may be utilised for post-screening patient care. However, current evidence is insufficient to establish improvements in early detection, treatment, or outcomes. Further large, well-designed studies are required to support the role [...]
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the crucial role of pharmacists within healthcare teams in Asian countries. Pharmacist interventions have an impact on reducing hospitalization and mortality rates among the elderly people, underscoring the importance of optimizing patient outcomes in Asia. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that pharmacists have provided cognitive input to rationalize and optimize the medication use and prevent errors, that led to the reported projected avoided and saved expenditures via various interventions to address drug-related problems. This highlights the added economic impact to the clinical impact of drug-related problems [...]
Although dietary potassium restriction is an acceptable approach to hyperkalemia prevention, it may be insufficient for outpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most outpatients with CKD use community pharmacies owing to the free access scheme in Japan. The MieYaku-CKD project included a community pharmacist-led nutritional intervention for dietary potassium restriction, [...]
CONCLUSION: The revealed differences in patient selection, intervention delivery, and outcome assessment highlight the need for more standardization in research on CP-led medication reviews. While intervention delivery should be more precisely described to capture potential differences between interventions, outcome assessment should be standardized in terms of outcome selection by application [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Although primary healthcare practitioners held positive attitudes towards pharmacist clinics, limited knowledge, low confidence, and high workload contributed to the scarcity of their implementation. Practitioners with diverse sociodemographic characteristics, such as education, age, and institution, showed varying perceptions and practices regarding pharmacist clinics. [...]
Objective: This review aims to emphasize the role of pharmacists for optimization of evidence-based outcomes of finerenone in multidisciplinary kidney care teams during the early detection process of CKD patients. Data Sources: A PubMed literature search was performed using keywords pharmacists, chronic kidney disease (CKD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and [...]
CONCLUSION: The implementation of pharmacist-led multi-faceted ASPs had positive impacts on reducing antimicrobial consumption without increasing LOS, antibiotic cost, or mortality rate. [...]
Purpose: What are the clinical and financial outcomes of patients using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) as part of a pilot pharmacist-led service in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)? Methods: This single-center, prospective cohort conducted in a FQHC from October 2022 to September 2023 was submitted to IRB for [...]
Background: Warfarin has many indications; however, it is the only anticoagulant that is indicated for mechanical mitral value and antiphospholipid syndrome. Management may be conducted by pharmacists in medical clinic settings. Objectives: To evaluate the percentage difference in the international normalized ratio (INR) target range when managed by a community-based [...]
CONCLUSION: The IT-supported task shift from physician to pharmacist significantly improved guideline compliance in the assessment of metabolic risk factors in psychiatric patients. The findings support increasing the pharmacist's role in psychiatric care to improve patient outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: The study found the intervention feasible; however, additional development is required before progressing to a full-scale trial. This intervention has the potential to effectively reduce medication-related harm and improve outcomes for older adults with polypharmacy. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated how clinical pharmacists might enhance critical care patients' quality management while reducing the costs associated with medication and care. In addition, it contributes valuable insights into the integration of clinical pharmacists in ICU settings, especially in resource-limited environments. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-driven model for rapid ART delivery decreases TVS with high rates of retention in care and durable VS. This model could improve clinical outcomes and increase program feasibility and sustainability. [...]
Heart failure (HF) is a major and growing medical problem and its management is still challenging due to the coexistence of complications, co-morbidity, and medication non-adherence. HF patients who are adherent to their medication have fewer HF exacerbations, improved survival, and lower healthcare expenditure. Adherence to HF medication plays a [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of the strategies to enhance the pharmacist's involvement in deprescribing identified in this review is encouraged to optimise patient-centred care and improve practice. [...]
In order to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and promote better medication management, a partnered pharmacist medication charting (PPMC) model was piloted in the emergency department (ED) of an Australian referral hospital. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of PPMC on the timeliness of time-critical medicines (TCMs), [...]
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is a chronic respiratory disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life (QoL) and work performance. Pharmacists are recognized as suitable professionals to provide patient education and pharmaceutical care for managing allergic rhinitis patients. However, local clinical practice guidelines, particularly regarding pharmaceutical care in public healthcare institutions, [...]
Interprofessional rounding is a common, yet unrequired, part of the pharmacy experiential curriculum. Little is known about the optimal interprofessional rounding structure for student pharmacists. A scoping review was performed to assess the amount and type of information available regarding student pharmacist participation on interprofessional rounding teams. A comprehensive review [...]
CONCLUSION: The TOC pharmacists can play a key role in the evaluation of OPAT prescriptions at hospital discharge. This intervention demonstrated how TOC pharmacists can effectively collaborate with the OPAT team, which builds on prior evidence of the role and value of pharmacists in the transitional care setting. [...]
Transitions of care often lead to medication errors and unnecessary healthcare utilization. Medication reconciliation has been repeatedly shown to reduce this risk. However, the great majority of evidence is limited to the provision of medication reconciliation within clinical trials and countries with well-established clinical pharmacy. Thus, this pragmatic, prospective, controlled [...]
INTRODUCTION: Clinical pharmacy services often involve multifaceted pharmacist-led interventions. However, current pharmacy practice models vary across different countries. Despite the documented benefits of clinical pharmacy services, the characteristics of pharmacist-led interventions in different countries have not yet been adequately explored and described. Therefore, this protocol outlines the methodology for a [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The study found that the pharmacist-led interventions were significantly associated with increased optimal adherence over 2 years. These findings demonstrate the potential of pharmacist-led interventions to improve medication adherence among older adults with chronic conditions. Strategies to expand pharmacist-provided care must be further examined. [...]
CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the critical role of CP in the ICU, addressing DRPs, and enhancing overall patient care. Furthermore, it highlights the potential impact of pharmacist interventions in improving patient survival outcomes. This underscores the importance of implementing CP services in ICUs across the UAE. [...]
CONCLUSION: This umbrella review highlights the effectiveness of pharmacist-delivered interventions in improving clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes related to pain management. Existing evidence emphasises on the need to integrate pharamacists into multi-disciplinary pain management teams. Further research is needed to investigate innovative care models, such as pharmacist-independent prescribing initiatives within [...]
BACKGROUND: Pharmacists remain an underutilized resource in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Although studies have engaged pharmacists in dispensing medications for OUD (MOUD), few studies have evaluated collaborative care models in which pharmacists are an active, integrated part of a primary care team offering OUD care. [...]
CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the current study it has been proven that the involvement of pharmacists leads to improved control of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is recommended that the government initiate DMTAC services in both private and government hospitals and clinics throughout Malaysia. Furthermore, future studies should assess [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacy-supported TOC interventions may improve patient outcomes in the MENA region. However, considering the limited quality of evidence and the variability in intervention delivery, future well-designed clinical trials are needed. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the high quality of anticoagulation management provided by specially trained pharmacists using point-of-care INR testing and decision-support software. These results support expanded access to this service for all Canadians. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2024;157:xx-xx. [...]
CONCLUSION: SMI patients had a high prevalence of physical comorbidities, mainly cardiovascular disease, and a high ratio of inappropriate medication treatment. Intervention by a clinical pharmacist significantly improved medication appropriateness and led to the adoption of a new standard of care, to be checked with re-auditing. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The successful implementation of the PICC program holds promise for enhancing health outcomes in the T2DM population, potentially leading to more effective diabetes management initiatives and better health practices in the community. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review identified needs and areas for future research: pharmacist interprofessional education with Master of Social Work and Doctor of Social Work degree students, transitional care and mental health outcome measure reporting using evidence-based outcomes, and development of scholarly teaching projects utilizing higher-level educational frameworks beyond learner reactions. [...]
Research regarding pharmacist-driven renal dosing policies has focused on cost savings or prevention of adverse drug events. However, little is known about how these policies influence time from order signature to order verification or how this efficiency may reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes. Objectives: The primary endpoint compared time [...]
BACKGROUND: ATDOM is the Catalan home healthcare program at primary care level. Patients in the home care program are usually frail, elderly people with multiple comorbidities. They are often polymedicated, leading to a high risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). Our hypothesis is that the pharmacist-led individualized review of the pharmacotherapeutic [...]
CONCLUSION: The study will make available fundamental information about the influence of the patient centered program on the adherence and clinical outcomes of patients with TB.Trial status and registration: Clinical Trials.gov assigned Identifier NCT04645836. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of cardiac medication-related issues were identified and resolved through a pharmacist-led virtual follow-up program in rural post-ACS patients. These findings could assist in the development of future follow-up programs to improve care for this high-risk population. [...]
INTRODUCTION: This feasibility study aims to develop and test a new model of practice in Australia using digital technologies to enable pharmacists to monitor early signs and symptoms of medicine-induced harms in residential aged care. [...]
Background: For every 100 patients with diabetes, 40 will develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD) over time. This diabetes complication may be partly due to poor adherence to their prescribed medications. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the differential impact of a 6- versus 12-month pharmacist-led interprofessional medication adherence program [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found that pharmacist prescribing services were both highly accessible and beneficial in improving access to medicines. However, measures of medicines access varied, and few studies included direct measures of medicines access as an outcome of pharmacist prescribing, highlighting a need for future studies to incorporate direct [...]
CONCLUSION: Including a clinical pharmacist in ED care substantially reduces the number of 30-day revisits and increases patient satisfaction. [...]
CONCLUSION: Two or more medications, and not the final explainer's occupation, were associated with pre-surgery medication non-adherence. To prevent non-adherence, pharmacists and non-pharmacists should educate patients about preoperative medication discontinuation. These findings could help identify high-risk non-adherence patients. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The integration of advanced practicing pharmacists into a cardiology team at transition and post-hospitalization resulted in improved rates of posthospital follow-up visits, optimization of GDMT medications, and significantly lower 30-day hospital readmission and ED utilization. [...]
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of clinical pharmacist consultation on the long-term morbidity and mortality outcomes among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. In this retrospective cohort study, 165 bariatric patients at Herzliya Medical Center who were identified as complex cases and were consulted by a clinical [...]
CONCLUSION: Nearly all participants in this pilot were successfully linked to the pharmacist for evaluation, and more than half were started on DAAs; results provide preliminary evidence of feasibility of pharmacist-led models of HCV treatment for PWID. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The ABC pathway as a framework was feasible to implement for pharmacist medication review, but most residents' medications were already optimised. Low rates of adherence to guideline-recommended therapy were a result of active decisions not to treat after assessment of the net risk-benefit. [...]
CONCLUSION: While the evidence for pharmacist immunisers was mixed, their contribution to immunisation programmes boosted public vaccination rate. Pharmacists demonstrated leadership and acquired indispensable advocator roles in the community and hospital settings. Future research could explore the depth of engagement and hence the extent of influence on immunisation uptake. [...]