Publications | Pharmacists & Patient Outcomes
Pharmacist & Outcomes – ALL
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy education across the ASEAN-5 remains nationally distinct and clinically uneven. Clinical service scope is directly bounded by pre-registration education quality. No country has fully closed the education-practice gap. Regional harmonization requires national-level educational reform as a prerequisite. [...]
CONCLUSION: Currently available quality indicator sets do not comprehensively assess the various domains of quality for contemporary community pharmacist-led clinical services. Our review highlights conceptual patterns, gaps, and implications for required future indicator development. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A PC pharmacist may help avoid significant health care costs, particularly in the areas of deprescribing, identifying untreated indications, and using PC expertise to make therapeutic recommendations. [...]
There are limited reports on the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in tertiary care hospitals without a full-time infectious disease specialist. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital without a full-time infectious disease specialist and to determine the [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-physician collaboration can reduce the nonadherence rate for drugs such as denosumab, interruption of which can result in serious consequences. [...]
CONCLUSION: Structured preceptorship was associated with improved self-reported competence and confidence and a short-term increase in recorded medication review activity. Further evaluation is required to determine whether these changes translate into sustained clinical activity for improved patient outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Integrating clinical pharmacists within a multidisciplinary team, supported by mNGS for comprehensive polymicrobial detection, enables precision pharmacotherapy for multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia keratitis. This approach promotes successful ocular salvage and visual recovery while substantially improving clinical efficiency through shortened hospitalization. [...]
BACKGROUND: COPD is a leading diagnosis for hospital readmissions and a focus of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, which penalizes hospitals for avoidable readmissions. [...]
BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, during postpartum period. It may be mitigated through pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. However, adherence to prevention measures and patient education remain critical to optimizing outcomes.MethodsA pre-post observational study. The pre-intervention (PRE) phase was a retrospective review of postnatal [...]
This article reviews the historical development and current challenges of pharmacy education in Japan, focusing on structural reform and the shift toward competency-based education. The 1992 revision of the Medical Care Act and the 1993 sorivudine incident heightened awareness of medication safety and accelerated expansion of pharmacists' clinical responsibilities, prompting [...]
CONCLUSIONS: CareAide® significantly improves medication adherence and psychosocial quality of life. Evidence for glycaemic benefit came from baseline-adjusted analysis (ANCOVA), though findings should be interpreted with caution given incomplete HbA1c data at one site. The first three months are the most critical period for pharmacist support. In this dataset, PDC [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating a dermatology pharmacist in HS care significantly improves patients' quality of life and provides critical support in medication access and optimization and wound care. [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist consultation did not significantly alter postoperative pain intensity or QoL outcomes following PM implantation. However, it was associated with higher patient satisfaction, suggesting a meaningful contribution to the patient experience. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted to clarify the impact of [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Coordination by a certified pharmacist in palliative pharmacy increased pharmacist participation inside and outside the hospital and promoted more proactive involvement in palliative care during pre-discharge planning. Although short-term readmission rates did not significantly change, strengthened collaboration between hospital and community pharmacies may contribute to improved continuity of palliative [...]
CONCLUSION: There is a prescribing trend towards second-generation antipsychotics, with risperidone being the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic medication. Utilization patterns of antipsychotics generally conformed to the WHO standard recommendations. This study highlights the high consumption of paliperidone palmitate injection, which calls for further research on antipsychotic consumption in patients with [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a prospective, pharmacist-driven empiric IV vancomycin restriction protocol offers a practical, effective strategy for institutions seeking to increase appropriateness of empiric IV vancomycin orders. [...]
An increased salt taste sensitivity threshold may lead to high salt intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to evaluate whether community pharmacist-led dietary salt restriction guidance improved salt taste sensitivity; its association with salt intake in outpatients with CKD was quantified. A multicenter, prospective, [...]
CONCLUSION: The pharmacist-led, low-code model was associated with marked improvements in pharmacy inventory management, showing substantial gains in efficiency, accuracy, and clinical time reallocation. It offers a scalable, cost-effective framework for healthcare digitization centered on domain expertise. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: It remains uncertain whether pharmacist-led interventions improve adherence to self-administered antibiotics in community and ambulatory care. The pooled estimate suggests a possible benefit, but confidence in the magnitude and consistency of this effect is very limited. Future studies should use standardized adherence outcomes, transparent cluster-design methods, and downstream stewardship-relevant [...]
Statin optimization in older adults is increasingly relevant within the geroscience framework of cardiovascular ageing. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care improves lipid outcomes and statin adherence in community-dwelling older adults receiving primary care. A total of 99 patients aged 65 years or older on long-term statin [...]
CONCLUSIONS: PPMC substantially reduced medication errors and the prevalence of high or extreme risk errors. The benefit extended beyond error prevention, with improvements in medication reconciliation, dosing weight documentation, and allergy review, and an association with shorter LOS. These findings support PPMC as a scalable approach to medication safety in [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led deprescribing initiative was feasible to implement in a long-term care facility and was associated with high deprescribing uptake and maintenance off therapy among eligible residents. These findings support the potential role of pharmacist-led deprescribing in LTC settings and highlight opportunities for further evaluation of deprescribing programs in [...]
Background: Since 2014, all Australian jurisdictions have progressively amended legislation to authorise pharmacists to administer vaccines, evolving from restricted pilots to an essential public health pillar. Objective: This review analyses the longitudinal evolution of pharmacist-administered vaccinations (PAVs), documenting changes in authorised vaccines, age eligibility, and regulatory frameworks across all Australian [...]
Background/Objectives: Primary-care access in Alberta, Canada, is shaped by geography, attachment, timeliness, continuity, and local service capacity. Rural communities may face travel burden, workforce fragility, and intermittent services, whereas suburban communities may have nearby facilities but still experience delayed access, low attachment, and fragmented episodic care. Rural Wyoming has some [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, pharmacist-led interventions in GCC settings were associated with improvements in glycemic control and LDL cholesterol, with additional benefits in mortality and readmissions, although the certainty of evidence was low to very low, owing to substantial heterogeneity and the predominance of non-randomized designs for the inpatient outcomes. These findings [...]
CONCLUSION: AMI-HOPE demonstrates a scalable, digitally enabled model shifting early post-AMI care from specialist-led clinics to pharmacists with remote monitoring. This nationwide trial evaluates its clinical efficacy, implementation, and value at population scale. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07443982. [...]
Reasonable access to contraceptive services is essential for reproductive autonomy, allowing individuals to decide when to become pregnant. However, 19 million women of reproductive age in the United States live in a pharmacy desert, having no reasonable access to a health center that can provide the full range of contraceptive [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study established a core outcome set for pharmacy research in CKD, reflecting outcomes important to different stakeholder groups. The five "essential" outcomes ('Health-related quality of life [HRQoL]", "Kidney function", "Medication adherence", "Medication error", and "Medication use') should be consistently reported in all trials. This study addresses a gap [...]
In the United States, despite evidence that medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) improves outcomes, buprenorphine MOUD (B-MOUD) treatment rates remain suboptimal. The Mainstreaming Addiction Treatment (MAT) Act, passed in 2022, removed federal prescribing restrictions which allowed any health care provider, including pharmacists, with a DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) registration to [...]
Health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) provide specialized medication therapy management to patients with complex medical conditions. HSSPs assess clinical outcomes for specialty disease states, including migraines. There are currently no studies comparing types of outcomes for patients with migraines and the impact on pharmacist intervention in HSSPs. The aim of this [...]
CONCLUSION: Introducing a collaborative pharmacist medication prescribing clinic to usual care was associated with higher rates of GDMT optimisation and increased clinic throughput. These findings support the feasibility of collaborative prescribing models to facilitate GDMT optimisation within Australian health services. [...]
Anticoagulants are crucial for both the immediate and ongoing management of thromboembolic disorders, including atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism, and for patients with mechanical heart valves. However, their management during the periprocedural period requires carefully balancing thromboembolic and bleeding risks, underscoring the need for coordinated and structured periprocedural anticoagulation management [...]
CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to establish and validate a national pharmacist learning milestone framework in Taiwan. The rigorous consensus and validation processes ensured contextual relevance, strengthened educator engagement, and offered a scalable model for implementing competency-based pharmacy education. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: PPMM was identified as a good starting point for Veterans to access SUD treatment quickly, conveniently, and privately through primary care. [...]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist‑led educational intervention on medication knowledge, adherence, and asthma control among adult asthma patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students had minimal exposure to culturally informed pharmacist preceptorship. It is likely that pharmacist preceptors require country-specific educational resources to support culturally safe preceptorship. Future research is required to substantiate these findings, and to guide culturally responsive practice and promote equitable health outcomes in diverse populations. [...]
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to increase at an alarming rate worldwide. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) play a critical role in mitigating the growing threat of AMR. The objective of this review is to summarize the expanding body of evidence supporting the role of clinical pharmacists as key leaders in ASPs [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led ABPM in community pharmacies demonstrated operational feasibility regarding completion of valid recordings and post-referral tracking, although uptake requires improvement. Participant-reported treatment changes should be interpreted as exploratory signals, and larger implementation studies are warranted. [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-driven urgent care microbiology review program achieved a similar time to appropriate antimicrobial treatment compared with a physician/APP process while maintaining comparable clinical outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led intervention alleviates anxiety/depression, improves inhaler technique and reduces ADR in BGF users. These findings support the adoption of pharmacist-led integration into comprehensive BGF management. [...]
There is limited research evaluating healthcare professionals' satisfaction with, and perceptions of, pharmacist-led pain management services. To address this gap, a survey was conducted at Wellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center between April to July 2024 to assess respondents' agreement with statements regarding pharmacist involvement, patient care outcomes, resource utilization, and [...]
CONCLUSION: IDST intervention is associated with improved adherence to the candidemia bundle, lower 28-day mortality, and higher microbiological eradication rates. [...]
CONCLUSION: In this real-world, before-and-after study, the implementation of a standardized clinical pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship pathway-anticipating China's forthcoming DRG payment system- was associated with more rational antibiotic use, reduced postoperative infection rates, shorter hospital stays, and lower total costs among women undergoing cesarean sections. These findings underscore the potential value [...]
Background: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis, and the underlying cause of gout, chronic elevation of serum uric acid (sUA), is well understood. Despite this, only a minority of patients receive optimal therapy as it requires adherence to frequent lab monitoring and urate lowering therapy (ULT) titration to achieve [...]
CONCLUSION: Daily ICU care delivered by pharmacists with board certification was independently associated with reduced mortality and improved HDA from the ICU. Board-certified pharmacists may enhance the quality and/or efficiency of critical care pharmacy services. These findings support the role of board certification as a modifiable factor to improve patient [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-involved, multidisciplinary stratified care model effectively reduced medication burden and regimen complexity while improving wound healing and functional outcomes in older emergency patients with PIs, providing a feasible and pragmatic strategy for optimizing PI management. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led contraceptive prescribing and 12-month dispensing are highly feasible to implement within VA's current model and are acceptable to Veterans and pharmacists. These strategies represent a prime opportunity for VA to improve Veterans' access to contraception while meaningfully expanding VA pharmacists' scope of practice. [...]
Fifteen years ago, a community pharmacist's role in the United States was dispensing medication. Five years ago, it expanded to include administering routine vaccines. Fifteen years from now, the authors posit that it will include minor acute illness evaluation and treatment, chronic disease prevention, and complex disease management, including medication [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led medication history and social needs screening in the ED is feasible and acceptable to patients. Pharmacists may serve as early identifiers of unmet needs during ED encounters and help link patients to community resources when supported by downstream follow-up. [...]
Systematic approaches to studying pharmacist-patient communication are relevant to support the development of communication practices to improve identification and resolvement of patient medication-related problems. However, there is currently no established gold standard for systematically coding pharmacist-patient communication, making it relevant to explore whether existing Systematic Coding of Observed Human Behavior [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions are associated with improved prescribing process indicators in China. However, the evidence is limited by few RCTs, predominance of NRSIs with moderate/high bias, and high heterogeneity. Findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating. High-quality RCTs with patient-centered outcomes are needed. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist involvement in a sepsis response team is associated with improved completion of the 1-hour bundle, specifically the early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Early identification of sepsis and alerting a multidisciplinary team remain barriers to optimizing treatment. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, social norm nudging was effective in improving medication willingness during routine pharmacy counselling, irrespective of patients' numeracy levels. The absence of numeracy-moderated effects warrants further investigation. These findings provide a foundation for future clinical trials investigating long-term medication adherence outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist prescribing of HIV prophylactic medications significantly increased in Brazil since 2020 and may potentially represent an important mechanism to broaden access to HIV prevention. However, regional differences may underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to address geographic implementation gaps. [...]
CONCLUSION: Few pharmacist prioritization tools for paediatrics exist, and most remain in the testing stages. However, they show the potential to improve workflows and support timely, targeted pharmacist interventions. Future research should focus on validation, multidisciplinary development, and the involvement of patients and carers in their development. [...]
Background Polypharmacy is a global priority due to potential harms, including adverse drug events, hospitalisations and high treatment burden. Overall, these outcomes have shown little improvement despite numerous interventions indicating that current approaches to identify and manage polypharmacy remain insufficient. Aim To understand how polypharmacy is identified and managed in [...]
Pharmacists are among the most accessible and trusted healthcare professionals and are uniquely positioned to serve as medication experts within integrative medicine teams. This narrative review synthesizes the literature describing pharmacist contributions to integrative medicine, with a focus on chronic disease management. Evidence highlights pharmacist involvement in diverse practice settings-including [...]
CONCLUSIONS: For patients with recently diagnosed HFrEF, pharmacist- and/or nurse practitioner-led medication management is cost-effective, supporting the expansion of this care to improve GDMT uptake and patient outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: Most instruments demonstrated acceptable reliability. However, few studies assessed sources of validity evidence, often with methodological limitations. Further studies employing rigorous methods for assessing validity evidence are needed to develop an instrument that is both valid and reliable for use in hospital pharmacy clinical practice. [...]
CONCLUSION: Collaborative pharmacist prescribing enhances shared decision-making by actively involving patients in discussions about their medicines. It improves patients' understanding of their medicines, which supports safer and more informed treatment decisions. These findings support wider adoption of collaborative pharmacist prescribing to improve patient-centered care in hospitals. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Older adults with cancer are at greater risk of experiencing drug therapy problems (DTPs), often related to multiple comorbidities, advanced age, and cancer treatments. Increasing evidence demonstrates the value of a pharmacist in geriatric oncology clinics, but little information exists on their practical integration. Our objective is to evaluate [...]
CONCLUSION AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Recruiting older adult participants and conducting the P3iD in a tertiary primary care clinic was feasible. Incorporating deprescribing into routine practice through periodic medication reviews provides a structured, safer, and more effective approach to managing polypharmacy and improving patient outcomes, subsequently optimizing health management and strengthening [...]
The inappropriate use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) remains a common issue in Vietnam, posing a significant risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led audit-feedback (A&F) intervention, as part of an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program, on improving [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The consistency of effectiveness and safety findings across studies, showing either no significant difference (indicating equivalence of care and outcomes) or significant improvement in pharmacist prescribing groups, suggests it is a potential policy option. Future research on implementation, public and patient preferences and cost-effectiveness would provide valuable insights into [...]
CONCLUSION: Ambient AI documentation tools were associated with reduced documentation time among ambulatory care clinical pharmacists and may enable increased clinical capacity. These findings provide early implementation evidence supporting the use of ambient AI documentation tools in pharmacy practice, demonstrating feasibility and measurable workflow impact in the ambulatory care setting. [...]
CONCLUSION: This scoping review identified patient health outcomes used to evaluate pharmacist-led primary care. Although studies on pharmacist-led clinical services have increased, the most assessed services may not reflect current practice. These findings should inform health system metrics grounded in outcomes that matter to patients to ensure safe, effective pharmacist-led [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A data-driven, pharmacist-led pathway was associated with significant LDL-C reduction. Among those who engaged, target attainment was similar across sex, ethnicity and IMD quintile, although low engagement from the most deprived quintile highlights that equitable reach has not yet been achieved. Further work is required to address upstream barriers [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacist-led AMS achieves substantial cost containment and prescribing optimization in county-level hospitals without compromising clinical safety. These findings support expanding clinical pharmacy services as a cost-effective strategy for antimicrobial resistance containment in resource-limited settings. [...]
CONCLUSION: This study used bibliometric analysis to examine the past and current trends in the scope of pharmacy practice globally. The results show that the scope of pharmacists is expanding beyond traditional dispensing roles, while also showing emerging practice areas in recent years that align with the current changes in [...]
PurposeUK oncology services face increasing demand alongside workforce constraints. This study evaluated the impact of a pharmacist-led breast cancer clinic on consultant workload and clinic utilisation in a UK district general hospital.MethodsThis was a prospective service evaluation conducted over 11 months following implementation of an independent prescribing pharmacist-led breast cancer [...]
This single-center retrospective cohort study assessed whether pharmacist-led recommendation and management was associated with effectiveness and safety outcomes of mirogabalin for cancer-related neuropathic pain. Among 143 patients prescribed mirogabalin, 85 adults with malignancy were included. Patients were classified into a pharmacist-led recommendation and management group (n = 18), in which [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Among AYAs newly diagnosed with cancer, pre-diagnosis pharmacist continuity was associated with higher patient-reported satisfaction with pharmacist consultations, particularly in the MISS-21J domains of distress relief and rapport. These findings highlight the potential value of accessible, continuous relationships with pharmacists in improving patients' perceived pharmaceutical care experience during the [...]
CONCLUSION: Increased prescribing of SGLT2i therapy in hospitalized patients with heart failure was observed following pharmacist-led education and prospective reviews with feedback. [...]
Introduction: A patient's understanding, implementation of, and adherence to hospital discharge instructions are important in keeping them from being readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. The understanding of and ability to follow these instructions after the transition from hospital to home may be significantly supported by additional [...]
Background: The Minnesota Community Measurement assesses health system performance for diabetes care based on five measures: blood glucose (A1c), blood pressure (BP), cholesterol (LDL), tobacco use, and aspirin use, aggregated and known as a "GAP score." Rural areas are negatively impacted by inadequate diabetes care. The positive impact of direct [...]
Background: Hypertension and diabetes are prevalent chronic disease states. Pharmacists and dietitians collaborated to develop and implement employee benefit programs for hypertension and diabetes at a regional grocery store. The hybrid program included virtual education modules and check-in calls to monitor participants. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is [...]
Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated patient enrollment in the Meds to Beds program. The primary objective was to compare the number of high-risk readmission patients enrolled through pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated processes. Secondary objectives included comparing 30-day all-cause and heart failure readmission rates, number of prescriptions [...]
Background: Clinical pharmacists are a limited resource in British Columbia (BC). Few studies have been conducted to explore hospital clinical pharmacist allocation. It is unclear how pharmacy leaders prioritize the allocation of their pharmacist staff to provide clinical services at their sites. Objectives: To characterize how hospital pharmacy leaders allocate [...]
The advancement of human space exploration presents unprecedented healthcare challenges, and heightens the need for specialized pharmaceutical care across the distinct timelines of a space mission. Despite growing interest in integrating pharmacists into space healthcare, their roles remain largely generalized, not tailored to the specific demands of pre-mission preparation, in-mission [...]
Background: United States Veterans are disproportionately impacted by homelessness. Substance use, mental health conditions, and trauma increase the risk for homelessness and contribute to challenges in maintaining housing. Street Medicine utilizes a trauma-informed approach to provide low-barrier health and social services for those at risk for and experiencing homelessness. Limited [...]
Rates of unintended pregnancy continue to remain high in the United States. Pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraception offers an accessible option for preventing mistimed or unintended pregnancies, leading to better reproductive health outcomes. Specifically in Indiana, studies show patient interest in this service, however, overall pharmacy implementation and patient awareness has been [...]
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the findings indicate that involving pharmacists more directly in the medication management of individuals with chronic conditions leads to better clinical results and more favorable economic outcomes. These findings support the idea of involving pharmacists more closely within chronic-care teams. [...]
CONCLUSION: Through increased medication adherence, better patient awareness, and support for lifestyle adjustment, pharmacist-led educational programs greatly reduce the risk of CVD and enhanced lipid profiles. To enhance the management of chronic diseases, clinical chemists must be integrated into multidisciplinary care teams. To optimise advantages, future research should focus on [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated improved access and improved guideline directed therapy outcomes for rural Veterans seen by a CPP. Integration of the CPP with a focus on the management of COPD can increase access to CMM and increase overall quality. [...]
CONCLUSION: A bibliometric analysis of pharmacist-related outcomes describes pharmacist involvement in outcome-based practice at patient, system, and population levels. The research on pharmacist outcomes continues to grow and is clinically focused. Opportunities to address global and system-level health needs remain. [...]
CONCLUSION: This grid-based precision ASP was associated with sustained reductions in antimicrobial use and costs, and improved clinical outcomes. It was also associated with changes in the temporal relationship between AUD and MDRO detection rates. These alterations suggest this approach may mitigate selective pressure driving resistance, although causality cannot be [...]
CONCLUSION: This pilot service demonstrates that a pharmacist-led holistic smoking cessation model can be feasibly integrated into psychiatric care in a provincial Thai hospital. Further controlled studies are warranted to evaluate long-term effectiveness and scalability. [...]
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly advanced cancer treatment, and their clinical indications continue to expand. At the same time, the importance of managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has been increasing, along with growing expectations for pharmacist involvement. Herein, we report a case in which prompt pharmacist intervention prevented the [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions at an FQHC substantially improved access to CGM devices for patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Through direct education, payor navigation, and device coordination, pharmacists mitigated common financial and logistical barriers to care. This model offers a potential scalable strategy to advance health equity in access to diabetes technology. [...]
The design and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs for patients admitted to intensive care units must consider the specific characteristics of this population, including infection severity, organ dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic alterations. The creation of a multidisciplinary team and the establishment of clear, targeted objectives are essential to improve treatment appropriateness, [...]
CONCLUSION: This meta-synthesis of the evidence regarding the perceptions of healthcare professionals on the role of pharmacists in aged care provides contextual information for individuals, organisations and policy-makers for future implementation. Pharmacists are perceived to improve stakeholder confidence, staff capacity and capability, and overall person-centred care. Embedded roles that foster [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The development and adoption of PPEAPSOP policies depend on alignment amongst policy actors, navigation of systemic constraints, strategic foresight of policy implications, and a narrative grounded in robust evidence, =contextualised to the policy environment. Current approaches to the development and adoption of PPEAPSOP policies highlight gaps, underscoring the need [...]
The gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, is now recognized as a key determinant of drug efficacy and toxicity, giving rise to the field of pharmacomicrobiomics. This review decodes the profound influence of the gut microbiome on treatment outcomes for hematologic malignancies. We explore the tripartite mechanistic pathways through [...]
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a pharmacist-led GAIN approach improves patients' insight and medication attitudes, facilitating both the initiation and long-term maintenance of LAI therapy. In the context of burdened clinical settings, pharmacist involvement via task shifting represents an effective strategy for optimizing psychiatric pharmacotherapy. [...]
Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to drug-related problems (DRPs) due to altered pharmacokinetics and polypharmacy. Clinical pharmacists(CP) play a key role in optimising pharmacotherapy and preventing medication errors in this vulnerable population. To evaluate the prevalence of DRPs in patients with renal dysfunction and to compare the effectiveness [...]
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) eligibility is primarily guided by tumor-centric biomarkers that do not fully account for the host's systemic immune competence. Emerging evidence suggests that readily available hematologic indices absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are associated with treatment outcomes in patients receiving ICIs, yet these markers [...]
CONCLUSION: Inpatients demonstrated clear preferences for attributes of IPC, with variations by income, residence, and chronic disease status. Greater involvement of clinical pharmacists, tailored adjustment of consultation frequency and duration, and integration into hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and chronic disease management were encouraged. Price has limited influence on choices. We [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Integrating pharmacists into care teams can enhance GLP-1 RA PA turnaround times while improving medication access, safety, and continuity of care. These findings support further research and policy development in pharmacist interventions in PA process and GLP-1 RA management. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led interventions may contribute to quality indicators, specifically treatment adherence and persistence in oral anticancer therapy management. While these improvements are associated with patient safety and treatment effectiveness, current evidence is insufficient to confirm a direct translation into superior clinical endpoints. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led education on diabetic retinopathy did not increase ophthalmology visits or improve diabetes-related outcomes. Effective strategies to encourage ophthalmology visits are required. [...]
Pharmacist & Outcomes – Open Acess (Free PDF)
There are limited reports on the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in tertiary care hospitals without a full-time infectious disease specialist. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital without a full-time infectious disease specialist and to determine the [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-physician collaboration can reduce the nonadherence rate for drugs such as denosumab, interruption of which can result in serious consequences. [...]
BACKGROUND: COPD is a leading diagnosis for hospital readmissions and a focus of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, which penalizes hospitals for avoidable readmissions. [...]
BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, during postpartum period. It may be mitigated through pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. However, adherence to prevention measures and patient education remain critical to optimizing outcomes.MethodsA pre-post observational study. The pre-intervention (PRE) phase was a retrospective review of postnatal [...]
This article reviews the historical development and current challenges of pharmacy education in Japan, focusing on structural reform and the shift toward competency-based education. The 1992 revision of the Medical Care Act and the 1993 sorivudine incident heightened awareness of medication safety and accelerated expansion of pharmacists' clinical responsibilities, prompting [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Coordination by a certified pharmacist in palliative pharmacy increased pharmacist participation inside and outside the hospital and promoted more proactive involvement in palliative care during pre-discharge planning. Although short-term readmission rates did not significantly change, strengthened collaboration between hospital and community pharmacies may contribute to improved continuity of palliative [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating a dermatology pharmacist in HS care significantly improves patients' quality of life and provides critical support in medication access and optimization and wound care. [...]
CONCLUSION: There is a prescribing trend towards second-generation antipsychotics, with risperidone being the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic medication. Utilization patterns of antipsychotics generally conformed to the WHO standard recommendations. This study highlights the high consumption of paliperidone palmitate injection, which calls for further research on antipsychotic consumption in patients with [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist consultation did not significantly alter postoperative pain intensity or QoL outcomes following PM implantation. However, it was associated with higher patient satisfaction, suggesting a meaningful contribution to the patient experience. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted to clarify the impact of [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a prospective, pharmacist-driven empiric IV vancomycin restriction protocol offers a practical, effective strategy for institutions seeking to increase appropriateness of empiric IV vancomycin orders. [...]
An increased salt taste sensitivity threshold may lead to high salt intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to evaluate whether community pharmacist-led dietary salt restriction guidance improved salt taste sensitivity; its association with salt intake in outpatients with CKD was quantified. A multicenter, prospective, [...]
CONCLUSION: The pharmacist-led, low-code model was associated with marked improvements in pharmacy inventory management, showing substantial gains in efficiency, accuracy, and clinical time reallocation. It offers a scalable, cost-effective framework for healthcare digitization centered on domain expertise. [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led deprescribing initiative was feasible to implement in a long-term care facility and was associated with high deprescribing uptake and maintenance off therapy among eligible residents. These findings support the potential role of pharmacist-led deprescribing in LTC settings and highlight opportunities for further evaluation of deprescribing programs in [...]
Background/Objectives: Primary-care access in Alberta, Canada, is shaped by geography, attachment, timeliness, continuity, and local service capacity. Rural communities may face travel burden, workforce fragility, and intermittent services, whereas suburban communities may have nearby facilities but still experience delayed access, low attachment, and fragmented episodic care. Rural Wyoming has some [...]
Background: Since 2014, all Australian jurisdictions have progressively amended legislation to authorise pharmacists to administer vaccines, evolving from restricted pilots to an essential public health pillar. Objective: This review analyses the longitudinal evolution of pharmacist-administered vaccinations (PAVs), documenting changes in authorised vaccines, age eligibility, and regulatory frameworks across all Australian [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, pharmacist-led interventions in GCC settings were associated with improvements in glycemic control and LDL cholesterol, with additional benefits in mortality and readmissions, although the certainty of evidence was low to very low, owing to substantial heterogeneity and the predominance of non-randomized designs for the inpatient outcomes. These findings [...]
CONCLUSION: AMI-HOPE demonstrates a scalable, digitally enabled model shifting early post-AMI care from specialist-led clinics to pharmacists with remote monitoring. This nationwide trial evaluates its clinical efficacy, implementation, and value at population scale. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07443982. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study established a core outcome set for pharmacy research in CKD, reflecting outcomes important to different stakeholder groups. The five "essential" outcomes ('Health-related quality of life [HRQoL]", "Kidney function", "Medication adherence", "Medication error", and "Medication use') should be consistently reported in all trials. This study addresses a gap [...]
Anticoagulants are crucial for both the immediate and ongoing management of thromboembolic disorders, including atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism, and for patients with mechanical heart valves. However, their management during the periprocedural period requires carefully balancing thromboembolic and bleeding risks, underscoring the need for coordinated and structured periprocedural anticoagulation management [...]
CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to establish and validate a national pharmacist learning milestone framework in Taiwan. The rigorous consensus and validation processes ensured contextual relevance, strengthened educator engagement, and offered a scalable model for implementing competency-based pharmacy education. [...]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist‑led educational intervention on medication knowledge, adherence, and asthma control among adult asthma patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students had minimal exposure to culturally informed pharmacist preceptorship. It is likely that pharmacist preceptors require country-specific educational resources to support culturally safe preceptorship. Future research is required to substantiate these findings, and to guide culturally responsive practice and promote equitable health outcomes in diverse populations. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led ABPM in community pharmacies demonstrated operational feasibility regarding completion of valid recordings and post-referral tracking, although uptake requires improvement. Participant-reported treatment changes should be interpreted as exploratory signals, and larger implementation studies are warranted. [...]
CONCLUSION: In this real-world, before-and-after study, the implementation of a standardized clinical pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship pathway-anticipating China's forthcoming DRG payment system- was associated with more rational antibiotic use, reduced postoperative infection rates, shorter hospital stays, and lower total costs among women undergoing cesarean sections. These findings underscore the potential value [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-involved, multidisciplinary stratified care model effectively reduced medication burden and regimen complexity while improving wound healing and functional outcomes in older emergency patients with PIs, providing a feasible and pragmatic strategy for optimizing PI management. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions are associated with improved prescribing process indicators in China. However, the evidence is limited by few RCTs, predominance of NRSIs with moderate/high bias, and high heterogeneity. Findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating. High-quality RCTs with patient-centered outcomes are needed. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, social norm nudging was effective in improving medication willingness during routine pharmacy counselling, irrespective of patients' numeracy levels. The absence of numeracy-moderated effects warrants further investigation. These findings provide a foundation for future clinical trials investigating long-term medication adherence outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist prescribing of HIV prophylactic medications significantly increased in Brazil since 2020 and may potentially represent an important mechanism to broaden access to HIV prevention. However, regional differences may underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to address geographic implementation gaps. [...]
CONCLUSION: Few pharmacist prioritization tools for paediatrics exist, and most remain in the testing stages. However, they show the potential to improve workflows and support timely, targeted pharmacist interventions. Future research should focus on validation, multidisciplinary development, and the involvement of patients and carers in their development. [...]
Pharmacists are among the most accessible and trusted healthcare professionals and are uniquely positioned to serve as medication experts within integrative medicine teams. This narrative review synthesizes the literature describing pharmacist contributions to integrative medicine, with a focus on chronic disease management. Evidence highlights pharmacist involvement in diverse practice settings-including [...]
CONCLUSIONS: For patients with recently diagnosed HFrEF, pharmacist- and/or nurse practitioner-led medication management is cost-effective, supporting the expansion of this care to improve GDMT uptake and patient outcomes. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Older adults with cancer are at greater risk of experiencing drug therapy problems (DTPs), often related to multiple comorbidities, advanced age, and cancer treatments. Increasing evidence demonstrates the value of a pharmacist in geriatric oncology clinics, but little information exists on their practical integration. Our objective is to evaluate [...]
The inappropriate use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) remains a common issue in Vietnam, posing a significant risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led audit-feedback (A&F) intervention, as part of an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program, on improving [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The consistency of effectiveness and safety findings across studies, showing either no significant difference (indicating equivalence of care and outcomes) or significant improvement in pharmacist prescribing groups, suggests it is a potential policy option. Future research on implementation, public and patient preferences and cost-effectiveness would provide valuable insights into [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A data-driven, pharmacist-led pathway was associated with significant LDL-C reduction. Among those who engaged, target attainment was similar across sex, ethnicity and IMD quintile, although low engagement from the most deprived quintile highlights that equitable reach has not yet been achieved. Further work is required to address upstream barriers [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Among AYAs newly diagnosed with cancer, pre-diagnosis pharmacist continuity was associated with higher patient-reported satisfaction with pharmacist consultations, particularly in the MISS-21J domains of distress relief and rapport. These findings highlight the potential value of accessible, continuous relationships with pharmacists in improving patients' perceived pharmaceutical care experience during the [...]
Introduction: A patient's understanding, implementation of, and adherence to hospital discharge instructions are important in keeping them from being readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. The understanding of and ability to follow these instructions after the transition from hospital to home may be significantly supported by additional [...]
Background: The Minnesota Community Measurement assesses health system performance for diabetes care based on five measures: blood glucose (A1c), blood pressure (BP), cholesterol (LDL), tobacco use, and aspirin use, aggregated and known as a "GAP score." Rural areas are negatively impacted by inadequate diabetes care. The positive impact of direct [...]
Background: Hypertension and diabetes are prevalent chronic disease states. Pharmacists and dietitians collaborated to develop and implement employee benefit programs for hypertension and diabetes at a regional grocery store. The hybrid program included virtual education modules and check-in calls to monitor participants. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is [...]
Background: Clinical pharmacists are a limited resource in British Columbia (BC). Few studies have been conducted to explore hospital clinical pharmacist allocation. It is unclear how pharmacy leaders prioritize the allocation of their pharmacist staff to provide clinical services at their sites. Objectives: To characterize how hospital pharmacy leaders allocate [...]
The advancement of human space exploration presents unprecedented healthcare challenges, and heightens the need for specialized pharmaceutical care across the distinct timelines of a space mission. Despite growing interest in integrating pharmacists into space healthcare, their roles remain largely generalized, not tailored to the specific demands of pre-mission preparation, in-mission [...]
Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated patient enrollment in the Meds to Beds program. The primary objective was to compare the number of high-risk readmission patients enrolled through pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated processes. Secondary objectives included comparing 30-day all-cause and heart failure readmission rates, number of prescriptions [...]
Background: United States Veterans are disproportionately impacted by homelessness. Substance use, mental health conditions, and trauma increase the risk for homelessness and contribute to challenges in maintaining housing. Street Medicine utilizes a trauma-informed approach to provide low-barrier health and social services for those at risk for and experiencing homelessness. Limited [...]
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the findings indicate that involving pharmacists more directly in the medication management of individuals with chronic conditions leads to better clinical results and more favorable economic outcomes. These findings support the idea of involving pharmacists more closely within chronic-care teams. [...]
CONCLUSION: Through increased medication adherence, better patient awareness, and support for lifestyle adjustment, pharmacist-led educational programs greatly reduce the risk of CVD and enhanced lipid profiles. To enhance the management of chronic diseases, clinical chemists must be integrated into multidisciplinary care teams. To optimise advantages, future research should focus on [...]
CONCLUSION: This grid-based precision ASP was associated with sustained reductions in antimicrobial use and costs, and improved clinical outcomes. It was also associated with changes in the temporal relationship between AUD and MDRO detection rates. These alterations suggest this approach may mitigate selective pressure driving resistance, although causality cannot be [...]
CONCLUSION: This pilot service demonstrates that a pharmacist-led holistic smoking cessation model can be feasibly integrated into psychiatric care in a provincial Thai hospital. Further controlled studies are warranted to evaluate long-term effectiveness and scalability. [...]
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly advanced cancer treatment, and their clinical indications continue to expand. At the same time, the importance of managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has been increasing, along with growing expectations for pharmacist involvement. Herein, we report a case in which prompt pharmacist intervention prevented the [...]
CONCLUSION: This meta-synthesis of the evidence regarding the perceptions of healthcare professionals on the role of pharmacists in aged care provides contextual information for individuals, organisations and policy-makers for future implementation. Pharmacists are perceived to improve stakeholder confidence, staff capacity and capability, and overall person-centred care. Embedded roles that foster [...]
The design and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs for patients admitted to intensive care units must consider the specific characteristics of this population, including infection severity, organ dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic alterations. The creation of a multidisciplinary team and the establishment of clear, targeted objectives are essential to improve treatment appropriateness, [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The development and adoption of PPEAPSOP policies depend on alignment amongst policy actors, navigation of systemic constraints, strategic foresight of policy implications, and a narrative grounded in robust evidence, =contextualised to the policy environment. Current approaches to the development and adoption of PPEAPSOP policies highlight gaps, underscoring the need [...]
The gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, is now recognized as a key determinant of drug efficacy and toxicity, giving rise to the field of pharmacomicrobiomics. This review decodes the profound influence of the gut microbiome on treatment outcomes for hematologic malignancies. We explore the tripartite mechanistic pathways through [...]
Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to drug-related problems (DRPs) due to altered pharmacokinetics and polypharmacy. Clinical pharmacists(CP) play a key role in optimising pharmacotherapy and preventing medication errors in this vulnerable population. To evaluate the prevalence of DRPs in patients with renal dysfunction and to compare the effectiveness [...]
CONCLUSION: Inpatients demonstrated clear preferences for attributes of IPC, with variations by income, residence, and chronic disease status. Greater involvement of clinical pharmacists, tailored adjustment of consultation frequency and duration, and integration into hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and chronic disease management were encouraged. Price has limited influence on choices. We [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Integrating pharmacists into care teams can enhance GLP-1 RA PA turnaround times while improving medication access, safety, and continuity of care. These findings support further research and policy development in pharmacist interventions in PA process and GLP-1 RA management. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led education on diabetic retinopathy did not increase ophthalmology visits or improve diabetes-related outcomes. Effective strategies to encourage ophthalmology visits are required. [...]
CONCLUSION: The pharmacist-led DEMO program was non-inferior to standard physician consultation in achieving a BP target of 140/90mmHg within six months, with high usability and modest WTP. [...]
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this quality improvement study, pharmacist-led outreach was associated with increased initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors; however, limited intervention reach may have constrained the overall impact. Strategies to improve uptake are needed to enhance impact and inform broader SGLT2 inhibitor implementation in patients with CKD and type 2 [...]
CONCLUSION: This study indicates that in patients treated with vancomycin under TDM, pharmacist interventions can promote the standardization of vancomycin TDM, reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury, and improve clinical outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: Community pharmacies are well positioned to expand CRC screening access. Addressing reimbursement, training, workflow, and coordination barriers through evidence-based strategies and supportive policy can enable pharmacist-delivered CRC screening to reduce disparities and improve population health outcomes. [...]
Background: Treatment-related problems (TRPs), including patient adherence, knowledge, and medication errors, affect hospitalized patients' outcomes worldwide. Effective clinical pharmacist communication is essential for proper patient counselling and medication safety. However, the effect of clinical pharmacist communication skills on TRPs has not been adequately studied. Objective: This study aimed to assess [...]
INTRODUCTION: Despite limited evidence of efficacy, opioid analgesics are frequently used by patients for chronic pain while awaiting total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA). Preoperative use of opioids is problematic as it increases the likelihood of postoperative opioid-related adverse drug events and postoperative complications and is the strongest [...]
INTRODUCTION: Pharmacist prescribing has been introduced to alleviate pressures on hospital services and improve timely access to treatment. However, implementation in inpatient settings remains highly variable, with pockets of excellent practice alongside areas where prescribing roles are limited or absent. Traditional effectiveness reviews have demonstrated positive impacts of pharmacist prescribing [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the validation of the first pharmacist-specific tool to measure engagement. The POWER Engagement Framework demonstrated good reliability and conceptual coherence to assess pharmacist engagement. Refinement for Well-being and Resources constructs could improve the model. [...]
CONCLUSION: This workflow demonstrated that pharmacist interventions within the nurse BP workflow can contribute to improvement in BP without requiring a comprehensive pharmacist visit. [...]
Polypharmacy in older adults is associated with medication-related harm, including adverse drug events, drug-drug interactions, inappropriate prescribing, and hospitalization-related outcomes. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of pharmacist-led deprescribing interventions in adults aged ≥65 years. The review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions in hematology-oncology care improve medication management processes and may contribute to better adherence and medication safety. However, evidence for effects on clinical and economic outcomes remains limited and heterogeneous, highlighting the need for well-designed prospective studies using standardized outcome measures. [...]
CONCLUSION: Connect AF demonstrates how pharmacists can address SDOH-related care gaps and provides a scalable model for cross-sector collaboration to enhance patient care coordination. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) in older adults, such as long-term use of benzodiazepines, proton pump inhibitors without indication or antipsychotics in dementia, are associated with adverse events and increased healthcare utilisation. Despite clinical guidelines discouraging their use, PIPs remain frequent in primary care. An audit and feedback (A&F) intervention [...]
Background: Obesity is a prevalent condition associated with numerous comorbidities. Weight loss medications reduce comorbidity burden, but barriers hinder access and titration. Clinical pharmacists play a key role in chronic disease management, but limited research exists on pharmacists managing weight loss. Objective: Evaluate the impact of a clinical pharmacist on [...]
CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot implementation of same-day telemedicine PPMM, high rates of MOAD receipt were seen among referred Veterans. However, most Veterans with AUD/OUD seen in participating clinics were not referred. Further evaluation of barriers and/or facilitators to referral are needed to increase program uptake. [...]
BACKGROUND: Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite effective medications, many patients experience underdiagnosis, suboptimal medication use, and poor adherence. Pharmacists are well-positioned to provide medication counselling, yet their role in structured migraine counselling services within community pharmacy practice remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This [...]
CONCLUSION: This pharmacist-led risk assessment tool has strong potential for accurately identifying high-risk β-lactam allergy patients and optimising antimicrobial stewardship in Chinese hospitals. Further large-scale validation is warranted. [...]
CONCLUSION: In this MTAC-supported cohort, polypharmacy and full GDMT were not associated with increased burden or reduced adherence. A modest positive association between medication count and QOL was observed. SGLT2i use was associated with lower adherence and QOL, although these findings are exploratory and may reflect differences in disease severity [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacists' interventions exert a positive effect on asthma and COPD management outcomes, though improved research design and quality are still needed. [...]
CONCLUSION: Our study established the feasibility, acceptability and implementation outcomes of a new pharmacist-led model of care for carvedilol dose optimisation. We provide practical insights to inform the implementation of similar technology enabled multidisciplinary models of care at scale for patients with cirrhosis. [...]
CONCLUSION: A clinical pharmacist-led multimodal ASP intervention significantly improved the appropriate use of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis for Class I incision surgeries, reducing unnecessary use and costs without increasing SSI risk. This approach represents an effective and replicable stewardship model for routine surgical care. [...]
INTRODUCTION: To optimize pharmacist engagement in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), this study assessed general surgeons' knowledge, practices, and perspectives on AMS and pharmacist interventions. Although antibiotic utilization density has decreased consistently over three years following the involvement of clinical pharmacists, challenges to AMS persist. [...]
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major global public health threat. The effective implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is essential for optimizing antimicrobial use and improving clinical outcomes. In this context, pharmacists play a central role by managing pharmacotherapy across multiple clinical practice domains. This narrative review summarizes evidence on pharmacist-driven [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist participation in multidisciplinary antifungal stewardship teams may be associated with improved antifungal utilization and adherence to guidelines in hospitalized adults. The findings support that pharmacists are important members of multidisciplinary teams in antifungal stewardship. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions in COPD may improve selected medication-related and patient-centered outcomes; however, the available evidence is heterogeneous and limited by study quality and inconsistent effects across outcomes. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, and well-designed, adequately powered trials with standardized outcomes are needed before robust conclusions regarding clinical effectiveness [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) significantly reduced antimicrobial exposure and healthcare utilization, improving the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions and clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of ASPs as an evidence-based strategy to address antimicrobial resistance and optimize patient care in HAP. [...]
CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, the presence of unresolved drug-related problems following pharmacist-led comprehensive medication reviews was independently associated with four-fold higher odds of hospital readmission within 6 months. These findings highlight unresolved drug-related problems as a strong, independent marker of increased readmission risk. Prospective studies are needed to determine [...]
CONCLUSIONS: While ICIs have substantially improved survival outcomes, their immunomodulatory effects may amplify drug-specific dermatologic toxicities when used in combination regimens. Shared inflammatory pathways and immune cell recruitment to the skin likely underlie this interaction, underscoring the importance of anticipatory monitoring and optimized management strategies in combination therapy. [...]
This methods paper describes the development and implementation of a pharmacist-led, workplace-based diabetes prevention intervention tailored to hospitality workers in New Orleans. Grounded in the Social Ecological Model (SEM) and the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study integrated onsite diabetes risk screening, brief lifestyle education, provision of health-promoting tools, and [...]
CONCLUSION: This intervention reduced 30-day cardiac readmission, but the effect was not statistically significant. According to findings of secondary outcomes, this behavioural theory-based discharge service at discharge might be effective in reducing healthcare utilisation in the long term and improving the short-term target for medication adherence in patients with acute [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship can reduce the antibiotic use intensity among patients undergoing VATLS in thoracic surgery, decrease the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and shorten the duration of antibiotic therapy. [...]
Background Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis experience a high burden of infectious morbidity, and vaccination is a key preventive strategy in this population. Despite international guideline recommendations, vaccination uptake and immune response in this population remain suboptimal. Aims The study aimed to evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination completion and seroprotection, [...]
CONCLUSION: Low-dose slow and ultraslow alteplase thrombolytic regimens demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic PVT within a real-world clinical setting. Despite limitations inherent to a retrospective observational design and small sample size, these findings support pharmacologic thrombolysis as a potential alternative to surgery in selected patients. Larger prospective [...]
CONCLUSION: This prediction model effectively identifies MHD patients with pneumonia at high risk of developing IPFI, demonstrating robust predictive performance. This tool can facilitate early risk stratification by clinical pharmacists in ward decision-support and stewardship consultations, optimizing the prophylactic and targeted use of antifungal agents and promoting rational drug therapy. [...]
CONCLUSION: The intervention was associated with a significant improvement in the perception and willingness to pay for adult vaccines among the participants. Infodemic management interventions can effectively improve uptake of adult vaccines. [...]
BACKGROUND Patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis require intensive secondary prevention; however, poor medication adherence and inadequate lipid control in real-world practice often compromise long-term outcomes. This study evaluated the effects of a clinical pharmacist-led medication management program on medication adherence, lipid control, and functional outcomes in patients [...]
CONCLUSIONS: In a setting where HAV and HBV vaccination guidelines remained consistent over time, the pharmacist-led MMC model was associated with higher vaccination and screening rates compared with the traditional care model, and these associations remained robust after adjustment for age, sex, genotype, and fibrosis stage. The model may have [...]
INTRODUCTION: With health systems facing increasing challenges, it is important to define new care models that may release some of the burden on the workforce, whilst maintaining quality and improving patient convenience. The objective of this study was to create a taxonomy of pharmacist-led interventions aimed at supporting improved health [...]
CONCLUSION: The closed-loop stewardship model effectively improved meropenem target concentration attainment by systematically reducing drug loss through degradation and metabolism. This optimized exposure profile correlated with improved eradication rates of Gram-negative sensitive bacteria. [...]
(1) Background: Medication-related problems (MRPs) are a significant burden on health care systems. Pharmacists play an important role in preventing and reducing MRPs through clinical review, education, and policy governance. This study analyzed pharmacist interventions within a 92-bed neonatal clinical care unit to better understand MRPs and guide targeted medication [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist interventions can significantly enhance the rational use of perioperative antimicrobial drugs in hysteroscopic surgery, leading to notable clinical outcomes and economic benefits. [...]
CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that a full-course pharmaceutical care model enables timely detection and management of complex ADRs, optimizes therapeutic outcomes, and supports multidisciplinary decision-making. The model illustrates the pivotal role of the clinical pharmacist in improving medication safety and efficacy in ABPA, offering a replicable framework for promoting integrated, [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The DCC program was associated with directional improvements in clinical, health care utilization, and cost outcomes and was cost-neutral due to savings and associated revenue. With approximately one-third of participants having Medicaid insurance, the sustainability of such programs increases through leveraging the 340B program to enhance care for economically [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A post-discharge nurse-pharmacist telehealth service is a feasible and well-accepted MoC. The inclusion of a routine MedRec post-discharge may enhance continuity of care, improve medication safety, and support HF management. [...]