Publications | Pharmacists & Patient Outcomes
Pharmacist & Outcomes – ALL
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists fulfilled a critical, multifaceted role in the safe, effective delivery of CAR-T therapy, consistently acting as stewards of medication safety, product traceability, and regulatory compliance. The current evidence base, while informative, lacks prospective and comparative studies evaluating pharmacist-specific interventions against standard care. Future research should prioritize the development [...]
CONCLUSION: The pharmacist-led DVT clinic represents a transformative advancement in pharmacy practice, redefining the role of pharmacists in ambulatory care and establishing a replicable model to optimize value-based care that shifts treatment for appropriate populations from acute to outpatient management. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-involved interventions may improve weight-related outcomes, but current evidence is insufficient to determine whether they reduce obesity-related inequalities. [...]
BackgroundCritically ill patients with cancer are highly vulnerable to medication-related problems (MRPs) because of complex treatment regimens, organ dysfunction, immunosuppression, and extensive antimicrobial exposure.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of MRPs; describe antimicrobial utilisation; evaluate clinical pharmacist interventions; and assess clinical outcomes.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted over 14 [...]
Burnout, workforce dissatisfaction, and concerns regarding career sustainability continue to affect the pharmacy profession. At the same time, pharmacists' earnings exceed that of the average US employee, creating a professional paradox in which high earning potential coexists with workforce and career sustainability challenges. Despite growing literature surrounding pharmacist wellbeing, limited [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led PCN de-labeling protocol in the ED is feasible, safe, and facilitates access to beta-lactam antibiotics for eligible patients, while highlighting practical barriers that must be addressed for broader implementation. [...]
CONCLUSION: CPP integration into a VA epilepsy clinic enabled pharmacists to absorb over half of follow-up volume while shortening wait times and delivering clinically meaningful care. Pharmacist-led encounters were characterized by frequent ASM adjustments, mental health screening, and safety and adherence counseling and produced substantial visit-level cost avoidance and demonstrable [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led polypharmacy management was associated with changes in prescribing patterns and reductions in medication burden in this chronic care hospital. However, the reductions in the number of medications did not translate into short-term reductions in medication costs. These findings suggest that pharmacist-led interventions in chronic care settings may contribute [...]
CONCLUSION: Evaluations of LLMs largely focused on ChatGPT models and accuracy-based outcomes; however, heterogeneity in evaluation and reporting limited cross-study comparisons. Advanced LLMs generally outperformed earlier versions, suggesting increasing potential to support pharmacist-led direct patient care tasks. Future evaluations should adopt standardized approaches and include human factors outcomes relevant to [...]
CONCLUSIONS/LESSONS LEARNED: Pharmacist-led telemedicine follow-up was feasible, acceptable, and helped preserve palliative care availability during temporary staffing disruption. [...]
BACKGROUND: Medication-related morbidity due to inappropriate prescribing, delays in appropriate treatment, and adverse drug events contributes to ICU patient mortality. Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is a care standard provided by pharmacists in collaboration with the interprofessional team. Optimizing ICU pharmacist workload via the pharmacist-to-patient ratio while ensuring daily CMM may [...]
CONCLUSION: Structured pharmacist-led counseling significantly reduced chemotherapy-related hospital admissions, achieved exceptional patient satisfaction, and demonstrated strong economic value, supporting its integration as standard supportive care in oncology practice. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-integrated, multicomponent workflow was associated with increased VCTE referrals and completion, enabled identification of fibrosis, and facilitated specialist referrals among patients with T2DM in a safety net primary care setting. These findings support this pharmacist-integrated workflow as a feasible, patient-centered strategy to enhance MASLD detection, warranting further evaluation [...]
CONCLUSION: Findings display a positive net return for the implementation of the ID pharmacist team based on an antibiotic cost-avoidance counterfactual estimate. There was a decrease in total AU and utilization of high-risk Clostridioides difficile-causing antibiotics. A lower incidence rate of HO-CDI was observed. Results could be associated with antimicrobial [...]
Background and Objectives: Community pharmacies in Poland administer an expanding range of adult vaccines, including influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes zoster and pneumococcal vaccines. While pharmacist vaccination services are increasingly available, evidence on structured approaches supporting vaccine coadministration remains limited. This study assessed whether a structured pharmacist-led recommendation [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist interventions from person-centred medicines reviews in general practice were highly accepted, generating substantial medicines reductions and improved care for patients at high risk of medicines-related harm. Future research should explore the longer-term sustainment of these reviews in more diverse healthcare contexts. [...]
CONCLUSION: Medication therapy optimization was associated with significant cost savings. Parallel trends validation and a pronounced dose-response relationship support a causal interpretation. Short-duration evaluations are likely to substantially underestimate the full economic value of an MTO program. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The selected records contained clinically relevant asthma-management wording, but the documentation structure limited the reproducibility of interpretation. The findings are documentation frequencies rather than hospital prevalence estimates, and do not establish the effectiveness of pharmacist care. Three-state assessment fields, separated exposure categories, and explicit active-regimen fields are needed before [...]
CONCLUSION: AI assistance enhances the accuracy of decisions by pharmacists and trainees, particularly for less experienced clinicians. However, the observed susceptibility to automation bias underscores that AI should augment, not replace, pharmacist clinical judgment. Safe integration requires pharmacist-guided model output validation and training focused on trust to ensure AI serves [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led, protocol-driven RPM program was associated with greater reductions in BP compared with those receiving in-clinic care alone. These findings support the integration of pharmacists and structured treatment algorithms in telehealth-enabled hypertension management. Improving patient engagement and addressing reimbursement challenges remain essential for long-term program sustainability. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infections achieved symptom resolution rates comparable to previous pharmacy- and physician-led studies. Low rates of adverse events and complications, and strong adherence to the clinical management protocol were also observed. These results suggest that structured, protocol-based pharmacist prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infections [...]
CONCLUSION: The multicomponent intervention was not associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall patient recall of a pharmacist visit. The improvement observed in the surgical subgroup should be considered exploratory and warrants confirmation in future studies. Future research should consider the long-term impact of these interventions on pharmacists' practice [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-led service improved antimicrobial appropriateness and accelerated transitions to appropriate therapy, supporting pharmacist-driven follow-up as an effective stewardship strategy. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist billing in HOPD primary care settings is feasible but constrained by payer-specific reimbursement requirements. Complete financial sustainability through revenue generation alone is unlikely without changes in the pharmacist practice model directed at higher levels of billable activity. [...]
Monitoring adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) often relies on viral load testing or patient self-report, which may identify problems only after adherence has declined. This study explored whether delays in ART refill, a readily observable and operationally simple metric, could be transformed into a real-time clinical alert prompting immediate pharmacist-led [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This process evaluation demonstrates that clinical pharmacists were effective in identifying and managing DRPs through collaboration with patients and physicians, leading to the resolution or improvement of a substantial number of DRPs. The intervention did not impact prescription quality. Patients in the intervention group reported reduced concerns about their [...]
CONCLUSION: By translating the existing COS into a practical measurement framework, this COMS supports more standardized and comparable MR research. [...]
CONCLUSION: Structured pharmacist-led implant education improved verified implant knowledge and direct postoperative engagement. It may support earlier, better-directed responses to implant-related concerns, although effects on complications and healthcare use require confirmation.Trial registration: NCT04302233. [...]
Patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) experience high medication burden and are at increased risk for medication-related problems and non-adherence. The objective of this study was to evaluate pharmacist-led interventions on adherence and phosphorus control. It was a prospective, three-phase study integrating a pharmacist into a hospital-based dialysis program that [...]
Background: Emergency medicine pharmacist (EMP) involvement in stroke care has been associated with shorter door-to-needle (DTN) times of alteplase administration, which is crucial for optimizing outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Tenecteplase (TNK) is an alternative thrombolytic treatment, recently approved for AIS. The impact of EMP presence with [...]
Pharmacist services demonstrate a positive impact on healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and cost of care. Translating this evidence into sustainable funding models demands significant change in healthcare policy and payment that accounts for institutional constraints, payment structures, and scalability requirements. Meanwhile, the gap grows between the positive impact of pharmacist [...]
The design and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs for patients admitted to intensive care units must consider the specific characteristics of this population, including infection severity, organ dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic alterations. The creation of a multidisciplinary team and the establishment of clear, targeted objectives are essential to improve treatment appropriateness, [...]
CONCLUSION: Glucocorticoid use remains prevalent among patients receiving specialty therapies, particularly in those with uncontrolled disease. These findings highlight opportunities for pharmacist-led interventions focused on GC deprescribing, monitoring, and optimization of long-term outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings support the use of the ABLE process for penicillin allergy/ADR modification or clarification. Although the sample size was small, the ABLE process has the ability to positively impact individuals with inappropriate penicillin allergy documentation in the EHR. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-managed travel clinic achieved travel-related vaccine acceptance rates comparable to ID-managed clinics. Pharmacists more frequently recommended routine ACIP vaccines and prescribed traveler's diarrhea treatment. These findings suggest that pharmacist-managed travel health services under a collaborative practice agreement can deliver guideline-concordant care while possibly expanding institutional capacity. [...]
CONCLUSION: A centralized CPP-led clinic significantly improved guideline-concordant prescribing, eradication testing completion, and confirmed eradication for EGD-diagnosed HP patients. This scalable model addresses care fragmentation by centralizing the complete care pathway for HP management. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacist interventions significantly improved the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment in patients with bacteremia, particularly in those with intermediate renal function. Despite longer hospital stays, the intervention group had lower early relapse rates than the control group. These findings support the integration of clinical pharmacists into antimicrobial stewardship programs. [...]
CONCLUSION: Improvements in medication adherence and clinical outcomes were achieved following comprehensive pharmacist-led medication therapy management integrated with individualized clinical management in this case. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led discharge medication reconciliation mitigated complexity-related readmissions, resulting in cost savings. These findings support implementation of transitions-of-care services. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist prescribing education programs seem to be most effective when designed to trigger mechanisms producing desired outcomes (knowledge, skills, confidence, and satisfaction) within their specific contexts. Experiential and social learning emerged as key drivers of successful programs. These findings offer practical guidance for educators and policymakers to optimise prescribing [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-integrated collaborative outpatient care was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in clinic systolic blood pressure and may improve HbA1c across CKM-relevant populations. The blood-pressure finding was consistent and robust, whereas the glycemic evidence was more heterogeneous and sensitive to study quality. These findings suggest that pharmacist-integrated collaborative care [...]
CONCLUSION: Native-language, pharmacist-led telemedicine is a feasible model for warfarin management in geographically and linguistically isolated populations and may be scalable to other resource-limited, conflict-affected settings. [...]
CONCLUSION: Although the overall rate of appropriate empiric therapy remained unchanged, the pharmacist-led ASP was associated with reduced broad-spectrum antimicrobial usage and enhanced vancomycin dosing accuracy. These findings suggest that pharmacists can help optimize ED antimicrobial use, although additional strategies are needed to improve overall appropriateness. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-delivered recommendation strategies may improve HZ vaccination uptake and RZV series completion, particularly when implemented through proactive patient outreach. However, the current evidence base remains limited by the predominance of non-randomized studies and substantial risk of bias. Well-designed randomized and quasi-experimental studies are needed to determine the independent effectiveness [...]
CONCLUSION: Workflow-embedded reflective prompts may be useful as a workplace-based educational strategy for influencing antimicrobial prescribing behavior. [...]
CONCLUSION: A structured, multifaceted clinical pharmacist intervention was associated with substantial reductions in DRP burden and potentially harmful DRPs in outpatient prescribing. These findings support integrating clinical pharmacists into ambulatory care teams as a scalable medication-safety strategy in Vietnam and similar resource-limited health systems. [...]
CONCLUSION: Patients tended to rate ADR severity higher than pharmacists, particularly when symptoms affected daily activities. Incorporating patient-reported assessments may support the timely recognition and communication of suspected ADRs while complementing, rather than replacing, professional clinical assessment. [...]
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and broader cardiometabolic, cardiorenal, and metabolic liver disease indications, creating new challenges for perioperative medication safety. This review summarizes current evidence on GLP-1RA-associated delayed gastric emptying and proposes a structured pharmacist-led framework for individualized perioperative risk management. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: CPP-led HF interventions triggered by HeartLogic alerts led to effective patient identification, reductions in HeartLogic scores, symptom improvement, and optimization of HF care. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This nurse practitioner-pharmacist telehealth intervention was feasible and acceptable. Further adequately powered trials to detect clinical outcomes are warranted. [...]
CONCLUSION: International students face multiple challenges in accessing healthcare. Pharmacy-led education, culturally responsive support, and virtual care services can improve access and health outcomes. These findings highlight opportunities for system-level strategies to support this underserved population. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The bundled program was associated with continued reductions in inpatient antimicrobial use and improved exploratory prescribing-appropriateness indicators over 5 post-intervention years. Transferability and economic feasibility require further evaluation. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in antimicrobial exposure and hospital length of stay achieved with PCT testing alone improved further with addition of a focused antibiotic stewardship pharmacist intervention. [...]
Prior authorization (PA) imposes substantial administrative burdens on clinicians, contributing to burnout, delayed care, and excess health care spending. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a tool to automate PA tasks in managed care pharmacy, yet concerns persist regarding transparency, bias, and overreliance on autonomous systems. This is particularly true [...]
CONCLUSION: AMS implementation in Bangladesh remains fragmented, reflecting a structural disjuncture between pharmaceutical-policy ambition and operational delivery. Education-led initiatives cannot sustain change without parallel investment in diagnostic infrastructure, multidisciplinary AMS teams including clinical pharmacists, and enforcement of community-pharmacy dispensing regulation. Strengthening pharmacy-led AMS is an underutilised entry point for operationalising [...]
CONCLUSION: Higher levels of transformational and transactional leadership, as measured by the MLQ, were associated with more favorable technician outcomes, including stronger coworker support, higher organizational commitment, and greater resilience. Stratifying pharmacies by leadership engagement highlights the organizational impact of effective leadership behaviors. Fostering transformational leadership supported by constructive transactional [...]
CONCLUSION: In this single-center retrospective study, a clinical pharmacist-led multimodal remote medication intervention was associated with more favorable glycemic and cardiometabolic indices, lower HOMA-IR, higher estimated HOMA-β, higher medication adherence, and higher attainment of individualized treatment targets. Because of the non-randomized, observational design, and because HOMA indices are indirect surrogate [...]
PurposeProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often overprescribed in cancer care, leading to unnecessary side effects and increasing healthcare costs. Pharmacists can optimize and improve the rational prescribing of PPIs particularly in low/middle income countries, where such data is limited. We aimed to evaluate how a pharmacist-led education program affects PPIs [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The final results of SAIL will inform the effectiveness of remote, algorithm-driven, navigator- and pharmacist-led programs for obesity medication prescription and management. [...]
Background/Objectives: Chronic dermatological conditions often require long-term treatment and can substantially impair quality of life. This study examined associations among satisfaction with pharmacist services, medication adherence, social support, and dermatology-related quality of life in adults with chronic skin disease. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data was conducted in 220 [...]
CONCLUSION: Implementation of a triage model for low-risk home medication lists bypassing pharmacist double review maintained accuracy. The triage model resulted in time savings, which could be reallocated to other pharmacy clinical services. [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist-led supervision significantly improved the appropriateness of IVIG use in paediatric patients, reduced unnecessary dosing, and contributed to substantial cost savings, underscoring the critical role of clinical pharmacists in optimising high-cost medication use. Further prospective studies are recommended to assess long-term clinical outcomes of such interventions. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy education across the ASEAN-5 remains nationally distinct and clinically uneven. Clinical service scope is directly bounded by pre-registration education quality. No country has fully closed the education-practice gap. Regional harmonization requires national-level educational reform as a prerequisite. [...]
CONCLUSION: Currently available quality indicator sets do not comprehensively assess the various domains of quality for contemporary community pharmacist-led clinical services. Our review highlights conceptual patterns, gaps, and implications for required future indicator development. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A PC pharmacist may help avoid significant health care costs, particularly in the areas of deprescribing, identifying untreated indications, and using PC expertise to make therapeutic recommendations. [...]
There are limited reports on the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in tertiary care hospitals without a full-time infectious disease specialist. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital without a full-time infectious disease specialist and to determine the [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-physician collaboration can reduce the nonadherence rate for drugs such as denosumab, interruption of which can result in serious consequences. [...]
CONCLUSION: Structured preceptorship was associated with improved self-reported competence and confidence and a short-term increase in recorded medication review activity. Further evaluation is required to determine whether these changes translate into sustained clinical activity for improved patient outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Integrating clinical pharmacists within a multidisciplinary team, supported by mNGS for comprehensive polymicrobial detection, enables precision pharmacotherapy for multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia keratitis. This approach promotes successful ocular salvage and visual recovery while substantially improving clinical efficiency through shortened hospitalization. [...]
BACKGROUND: COPD is a leading diagnosis for hospital readmissions and a focus of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, which penalizes hospitals for avoidable readmissions. [...]
BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, during postpartum period. It may be mitigated through pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. However, adherence to prevention measures and patient education remain critical to optimizing outcomes.MethodsA pre-post observational study. The pre-intervention (PRE) phase was a retrospective review of postnatal [...]
This article reviews the historical development and current challenges of pharmacy education in Japan, focusing on structural reform and the shift toward competency-based education. The 1992 revision of the Medical Care Act and the 1993 sorivudine incident heightened awareness of medication safety and accelerated expansion of pharmacists' clinical responsibilities, prompting [...]
CONCLUSIONS: CareAide® significantly improves medication adherence and psychosocial quality of life. Evidence for glycaemic benefit came from baseline-adjusted analysis (ANCOVA), though findings should be interpreted with caution given incomplete HbA1c data at one site. The first three months are the most critical period for pharmacist support. In this dataset, PDC [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating a dermatology pharmacist in HS care significantly improves patients' quality of life and provides critical support in medication access and optimization and wound care. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Coordination by a certified pharmacist in palliative pharmacy increased pharmacist participation inside and outside the hospital and promoted more proactive involvement in palliative care during pre-discharge planning. Although short-term readmission rates did not significantly change, strengthened collaboration between hospital and community pharmacies may contribute to improved continuity of palliative [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist consultation did not significantly alter postoperative pain intensity or QoL outcomes following PM implantation. However, it was associated with higher patient satisfaction, suggesting a meaningful contribution to the patient experience. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted to clarify the impact of [...]
CONCLUSION: There is a prescribing trend towards second-generation antipsychotics, with risperidone being the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic medication. Utilization patterns of antipsychotics generally conformed to the WHO standard recommendations. This study highlights the high consumption of paliperidone palmitate injection, which calls for further research on antipsychotic consumption in patients with [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a prospective, pharmacist-driven empiric IV vancomycin restriction protocol offers a practical, effective strategy for institutions seeking to increase appropriateness of empiric IV vancomycin orders. [...]
An increased salt taste sensitivity threshold may lead to high salt intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to evaluate whether community pharmacist-led dietary salt restriction guidance improved salt taste sensitivity; its association with salt intake in outpatients with CKD was quantified. A multicenter, prospective, [...]
CONCLUSION: The pharmacist-led, low-code model was associated with marked improvements in pharmacy inventory management, showing substantial gains in efficiency, accuracy, and clinical time reallocation. It offers a scalable, cost-effective framework for healthcare digitization centered on domain expertise. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: It remains uncertain whether pharmacist-led interventions improve adherence to self-administered antibiotics in community and ambulatory care. The pooled estimate suggests a possible benefit, but confidence in the magnitude and consistency of this effect is very limited. Future studies should use standardized adherence outcomes, transparent cluster-design methods, and downstream stewardship-relevant [...]
Statin optimization in older adults is increasingly relevant within the geroscience framework of cardiovascular ageing. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care improves lipid outcomes and statin adherence in community-dwelling older adults receiving primary care. A total of 99 patients aged 65 years or older on long-term statin [...]
CONCLUSIONS: PPMC substantially reduced medication errors and the prevalence of high or extreme risk errors. The benefit extended beyond error prevention, with improvements in medication reconciliation, dosing weight documentation, and allergy review, and an association with shorter LOS. These findings support PPMC as a scalable approach to medication safety in [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led deprescribing initiative was feasible to implement in a long-term care facility and was associated with high deprescribing uptake and maintenance off therapy among eligible residents. These findings support the potential role of pharmacist-led deprescribing in LTC settings and highlight opportunities for further evaluation of deprescribing programs in [...]
Background: Since 2014, all Australian jurisdictions have progressively amended legislation to authorise pharmacists to administer vaccines, evolving from restricted pilots to an essential public health pillar. Objective: This review analyses the longitudinal evolution of pharmacist-administered vaccinations (PAVs), documenting changes in authorised vaccines, age eligibility, and regulatory frameworks across all Australian [...]
Background/Objectives: Primary-care access in Alberta, Canada, is shaped by geography, attachment, timeliness, continuity, and local service capacity. Rural communities may face travel burden, workforce fragility, and intermittent services, whereas suburban communities may have nearby facilities but still experience delayed access, low attachment, and fragmented episodic care. Rural Wyoming has some [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, pharmacist-led interventions in GCC settings were associated with improvements in glycemic control and LDL cholesterol, with additional benefits in mortality and readmissions, although the certainty of evidence was low to very low, owing to substantial heterogeneity and the predominance of non-randomized designs for the inpatient outcomes. These findings [...]
CONCLUSION: AMI-HOPE demonstrates a scalable, digitally enabled model shifting early post-AMI care from specialist-led clinics to pharmacists with remote monitoring. This nationwide trial evaluates its clinical efficacy, implementation, and value at population scale. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07443982. [...]
Reasonable access to contraceptive services is essential for reproductive autonomy, allowing individuals to decide when to become pregnant. However, 19 million women of reproductive age in the United States live in a pharmacy desert, having no reasonable access to a health center that can provide the full range of contraceptive [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study established a core outcome set for pharmacy research in CKD, reflecting outcomes important to different stakeholder groups. The five "essential" outcomes ('Health-related quality of life [HRQoL]", "Kidney function", "Medication adherence", "Medication error", and "Medication use') should be consistently reported in all trials. This study addresses a gap [...]
In the United States, despite evidence that medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) improves outcomes, buprenorphine MOUD (B-MOUD) treatment rates remain suboptimal. The Mainstreaming Addiction Treatment (MAT) Act, passed in 2022, removed federal prescribing restrictions which allowed any health care provider, including pharmacists, with a DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) registration to [...]
Health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) provide specialized medication therapy management to patients with complex medical conditions. HSSPs assess clinical outcomes for specialty disease states, including migraines. There are currently no studies comparing types of outcomes for patients with migraines and the impact on pharmacist intervention in HSSPs. The aim of this [...]
CONCLUSION: Introducing a collaborative pharmacist medication prescribing clinic to usual care was associated with higher rates of GDMT optimisation and increased clinic throughput. These findings support the feasibility of collaborative prescribing models to facilitate GDMT optimisation within Australian health services. [...]
Anticoagulants are crucial for both the immediate and ongoing management of thromboembolic disorders, including atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism, and for patients with mechanical heart valves. However, their management during the periprocedural period requires carefully balancing thromboembolic and bleeding risks, underscoring the need for coordinated and structured periprocedural anticoagulation management [...]
CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to establish and validate a national pharmacist learning milestone framework in Taiwan. The rigorous consensus and validation processes ensured contextual relevance, strengthened educator engagement, and offered a scalable model for implementing competency-based pharmacy education. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: PPMM was identified as a good starting point for Veterans to access SUD treatment quickly, conveniently, and privately through primary care. [...]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist‑led educational intervention on medication knowledge, adherence, and asthma control among adult asthma patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students had minimal exposure to culturally informed pharmacist preceptorship. It is likely that pharmacist preceptors require country-specific educational resources to support culturally safe preceptorship. Future research is required to substantiate these findings, and to guide culturally responsive practice and promote equitable health outcomes in diverse populations. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led ABPM in community pharmacies demonstrated operational feasibility regarding completion of valid recordings and post-referral tracking, although uptake requires improvement. Participant-reported treatment changes should be interpreted as exploratory signals, and larger implementation studies are warranted. [...]
Pharmacist & Outcomes – Open Acess (Free PDF)
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-involved interventions may improve weight-related outcomes, but current evidence is insufficient to determine whether they reduce obesity-related inequalities. [...]
CONCLUSION: Evaluations of LLMs largely focused on ChatGPT models and accuracy-based outcomes; however, heterogeneity in evaluation and reporting limited cross-study comparisons. Advanced LLMs generally outperformed earlier versions, suggesting increasing potential to support pharmacist-led direct patient care tasks. Future evaluations should adopt standardized approaches and include human factors outcomes relevant to [...]
CONCLUSION: CPP integration into a VA epilepsy clinic enabled pharmacists to absorb over half of follow-up volume while shortening wait times and delivering clinically meaningful care. Pharmacist-led encounters were characterized by frequent ASM adjustments, mental health screening, and safety and adherence counseling and produced substantial visit-level cost avoidance and demonstrable [...]
CONCLUSION: Structured pharmacist-led counseling significantly reduced chemotherapy-related hospital admissions, achieved exceptional patient satisfaction, and demonstrated strong economic value, supporting its integration as standard supportive care in oncology practice. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-integrated, multicomponent workflow was associated with increased VCTE referrals and completion, enabled identification of fibrosis, and facilitated specialist referrals among patients with T2DM in a safety net primary care setting. These findings support this pharmacist-integrated workflow as a feasible, patient-centered strategy to enhance MASLD detection, warranting further evaluation [...]
Background and Objectives: Community pharmacies in Poland administer an expanding range of adult vaccines, including influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes zoster and pneumococcal vaccines. While pharmacist vaccination services are increasingly available, evidence on structured approaches supporting vaccine coadministration remains limited. This study assessed whether a structured pharmacist-led recommendation [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist interventions from person-centred medicines reviews in general practice were highly accepted, generating substantial medicines reductions and improved care for patients at high risk of medicines-related harm. Future research should explore the longer-term sustainment of these reviews in more diverse healthcare contexts. [...]
CONCLUSION: Medication therapy optimization was associated with significant cost savings. Parallel trends validation and a pronounced dose-response relationship support a causal interpretation. Short-duration evaluations are likely to substantially underestimate the full economic value of an MTO program. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The selected records contained clinically relevant asthma-management wording, but the documentation structure limited the reproducibility of interpretation. The findings are documentation frequencies rather than hospital prevalence estimates, and do not establish the effectiveness of pharmacist care. Three-state assessment fields, separated exposure categories, and explicit active-regimen fields are needed before [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-led service improved antimicrobial appropriateness and accelerated transitions to appropriate therapy, supporting pharmacist-driven follow-up as an effective stewardship strategy. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This process evaluation demonstrates that clinical pharmacists were effective in identifying and managing DRPs through collaboration with patients and physicians, leading to the resolution or improvement of a substantial number of DRPs. The intervention did not impact prescription quality. Patients in the intervention group reported reduced concerns about their [...]
CONCLUSION: Structured pharmacist-led implant education improved verified implant knowledge and direct postoperative engagement. It may support earlier, better-directed responses to implant-related concerns, although effects on complications and healthcare use require confirmation.Trial registration: NCT04302233. [...]
Pharmacist services demonstrate a positive impact on healthcare delivery, patient outcomes, and cost of care. Translating this evidence into sustainable funding models demands significant change in healthcare policy and payment that accounts for institutional constraints, payment structures, and scalability requirements. Meanwhile, the gap grows between the positive impact of pharmacist [...]
The design and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs for patients admitted to intensive care units must consider the specific characteristics of this population, including infection severity, organ dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic alterations. The creation of a multidisciplinary team and the establishment of clear, targeted objectives are essential to improve treatment appropriateness, [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings support the use of the ABLE process for penicillin allergy/ADR modification or clarification. Although the sample size was small, the ABLE process has the ability to positively impact individuals with inappropriate penicillin allergy documentation in the EHR. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacist interventions significantly improved the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment in patients with bacteremia, particularly in those with intermediate renal function. Despite longer hospital stays, the intervention group had lower early relapse rates than the control group. These findings support the integration of clinical pharmacists into antimicrobial stewardship programs. [...]
CONCLUSION: Improvements in medication adherence and clinical outcomes were achieved following comprehensive pharmacist-led medication therapy management integrated with individualized clinical management in this case. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist prescribing education programs seem to be most effective when designed to trigger mechanisms producing desired outcomes (knowledge, skills, confidence, and satisfaction) within their specific contexts. Experiential and social learning emerged as key drivers of successful programs. These findings offer practical guidance for educators and policymakers to optimise prescribing [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-integrated collaborative outpatient care was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in clinic systolic blood pressure and may improve HbA1c across CKM-relevant populations. The blood-pressure finding was consistent and robust, whereas the glycemic evidence was more heterogeneous and sensitive to study quality. These findings suggest that pharmacist-integrated collaborative care [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-delivered recommendation strategies may improve HZ vaccination uptake and RZV series completion, particularly when implemented through proactive patient outreach. However, the current evidence base remains limited by the predominance of non-randomized studies and substantial risk of bias. Well-designed randomized and quasi-experimental studies are needed to determine the independent effectiveness [...]
CONCLUSION: Workflow-embedded reflective prompts may be useful as a workplace-based educational strategy for influencing antimicrobial prescribing behavior. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This nurse practitioner-pharmacist telehealth intervention was feasible and acceptable. Further adequately powered trials to detect clinical outcomes are warranted. [...]
CONCLUSION: Patients tended to rate ADR severity higher than pharmacists, particularly when symptoms affected daily activities. Incorporating patient-reported assessments may support the timely recognition and communication of suspected ADRs while complementing, rather than replacing, professional clinical assessment. [...]
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and broader cardiometabolic, cardiorenal, and metabolic liver disease indications, creating new challenges for perioperative medication safety. This review summarizes current evidence on GLP-1RA-associated delayed gastric emptying and proposes a structured pharmacist-led framework for individualized perioperative risk management. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: CPP-led HF interventions triggered by HeartLogic alerts led to effective patient identification, reductions in HeartLogic scores, symptom improvement, and optimization of HF care. [...]
CONCLUSION: International students face multiple challenges in accessing healthcare. Pharmacy-led education, culturally responsive support, and virtual care services can improve access and health outcomes. These findings highlight opportunities for system-level strategies to support this underserved population. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The bundled program was associated with continued reductions in inpatient antimicrobial use and improved exploratory prescribing-appropriateness indicators over 5 post-intervention years. Transferability and economic feasibility require further evaluation. [...]
CONCLUSION: AMS implementation in Bangladesh remains fragmented, reflecting a structural disjuncture between pharmaceutical-policy ambition and operational delivery. Education-led initiatives cannot sustain change without parallel investment in diagnostic infrastructure, multidisciplinary AMS teams including clinical pharmacists, and enforcement of community-pharmacy dispensing regulation. Strengthening pharmacy-led AMS is an underutilised entry point for operationalising [...]
CONCLUSION: In this single-center retrospective study, a clinical pharmacist-led multimodal remote medication intervention was associated with more favorable glycemic and cardiometabolic indices, lower HOMA-IR, higher estimated HOMA-β, higher medication adherence, and higher attainment of individualized treatment targets. Because of the non-randomized, observational design, and because HOMA indices are indirect surrogate [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The final results of SAIL will inform the effectiveness of remote, algorithm-driven, navigator- and pharmacist-led programs for obesity medication prescription and management. [...]
Background/Objectives: Chronic dermatological conditions often require long-term treatment and can substantially impair quality of life. This study examined associations among satisfaction with pharmacist services, medication adherence, social support, and dermatology-related quality of life in adults with chronic skin disease. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data was conducted in 220 [...]
There are limited reports on the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in tertiary care hospitals without a full-time infectious disease specialist. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of promoting pharmacist-led management of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital without a full-time infectious disease specialist and to determine the [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-physician collaboration can reduce the nonadherence rate for drugs such as denosumab, interruption of which can result in serious consequences. [...]
CONCLUSION: Structured preceptorship was associated with improved self-reported competence and confidence and a short-term increase in recorded medication review activity. Further evaluation is required to determine whether these changes translate into sustained clinical activity for improved patient outcomes. [...]
BACKGROUND: COPD is a leading diagnosis for hospital readmissions and a focus of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, which penalizes hospitals for avoidable readmissions. [...]
BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, during postpartum period. It may be mitigated through pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. However, adherence to prevention measures and patient education remain critical to optimizing outcomes.MethodsA pre-post observational study. The pre-intervention (PRE) phase was a retrospective review of postnatal [...]
This article reviews the historical development and current challenges of pharmacy education in Japan, focusing on structural reform and the shift toward competency-based education. The 1992 revision of the Medical Care Act and the 1993 sorivudine incident heightened awareness of medication safety and accelerated expansion of pharmacists' clinical responsibilities, prompting [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating a dermatology pharmacist in HS care significantly improves patients' quality of life and provides critical support in medication access and optimization and wound care. [...]
CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacist consultation did not significantly alter postoperative pain intensity or QoL outcomes following PM implantation. However, it was associated with higher patient satisfaction, suggesting a meaningful contribution to the patient experience. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted to clarify the impact of [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Coordination by a certified pharmacist in palliative pharmacy increased pharmacist participation inside and outside the hospital and promoted more proactive involvement in palliative care during pre-discharge planning. Although short-term readmission rates did not significantly change, strengthened collaboration between hospital and community pharmacies may contribute to improved continuity of palliative [...]
CONCLUSION: There is a prescribing trend towards second-generation antipsychotics, with risperidone being the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic medication. Utilization patterns of antipsychotics generally conformed to the WHO standard recommendations. This study highlights the high consumption of paliperidone palmitate injection, which calls for further research on antipsychotic consumption in patients with [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a prospective, pharmacist-driven empiric IV vancomycin restriction protocol offers a practical, effective strategy for institutions seeking to increase appropriateness of empiric IV vancomycin orders. [...]
An increased salt taste sensitivity threshold may lead to high salt intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to evaluate whether community pharmacist-led dietary salt restriction guidance improved salt taste sensitivity; its association with salt intake in outpatients with CKD was quantified. A multicenter, prospective, [...]
CONCLUSION: The pharmacist-led, low-code model was associated with marked improvements in pharmacy inventory management, showing substantial gains in efficiency, accuracy, and clinical time reallocation. It offers a scalable, cost-effective framework for healthcare digitization centered on domain expertise. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: It remains uncertain whether pharmacist-led interventions improve adherence to self-administered antibiotics in community and ambulatory care. The pooled estimate suggests a possible benefit, but confidence in the magnitude and consistency of this effect is very limited. Future studies should use standardized adherence outcomes, transparent cluster-design methods, and downstream stewardship-relevant [...]
CONCLUSIONS: PPMC substantially reduced medication errors and the prevalence of high or extreme risk errors. The benefit extended beyond error prevention, with improvements in medication reconciliation, dosing weight documentation, and allergy review, and an association with shorter LOS. These findings support PPMC as a scalable approach to medication safety in [...]
CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led deprescribing initiative was feasible to implement in a long-term care facility and was associated with high deprescribing uptake and maintenance off therapy among eligible residents. These findings support the potential role of pharmacist-led deprescribing in LTC settings and highlight opportunities for further evaluation of deprescribing programs in [...]
Background: Since 2014, all Australian jurisdictions have progressively amended legislation to authorise pharmacists to administer vaccines, evolving from restricted pilots to an essential public health pillar. Objective: This review analyses the longitudinal evolution of pharmacist-administered vaccinations (PAVs), documenting changes in authorised vaccines, age eligibility, and regulatory frameworks across all Australian [...]
Background/Objectives: Primary-care access in Alberta, Canada, is shaped by geography, attachment, timeliness, continuity, and local service capacity. Rural communities may face travel burden, workforce fragility, and intermittent services, whereas suburban communities may have nearby facilities but still experience delayed access, low attachment, and fragmented episodic care. Rural Wyoming has some [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, pharmacist-led interventions in GCC settings were associated with improvements in glycemic control and LDL cholesterol, with additional benefits in mortality and readmissions, although the certainty of evidence was low to very low, owing to substantial heterogeneity and the predominance of non-randomized designs for the inpatient outcomes. These findings [...]
CONCLUSION: AMI-HOPE demonstrates a scalable, digitally enabled model shifting early post-AMI care from specialist-led clinics to pharmacists with remote monitoring. This nationwide trial evaluates its clinical efficacy, implementation, and value at population scale. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07443982. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: This study established a core outcome set for pharmacy research in CKD, reflecting outcomes important to different stakeholder groups. The five "essential" outcomes ('Health-related quality of life [HRQoL]", "Kidney function", "Medication adherence", "Medication error", and "Medication use') should be consistently reported in all trials. This study addresses a gap [...]
CONCLUSION: Introducing a collaborative pharmacist medication prescribing clinic to usual care was associated with higher rates of GDMT optimisation and increased clinic throughput. These findings support the feasibility of collaborative prescribing models to facilitate GDMT optimisation within Australian health services. [...]
Anticoagulants are crucial for both the immediate and ongoing management of thromboembolic disorders, including atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism, and for patients with mechanical heart valves. However, their management during the periprocedural period requires carefully balancing thromboembolic and bleeding risks, underscoring the need for coordinated and structured periprocedural anticoagulation management [...]
CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to establish and validate a national pharmacist learning milestone framework in Taiwan. The rigorous consensus and validation processes ensured contextual relevance, strengthened educator engagement, and offered a scalable model for implementing competency-based pharmacy education. [...]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist‑led educational intervention on medication knowledge, adherence, and asthma control among adult asthma patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students had minimal exposure to culturally informed pharmacist preceptorship. It is likely that pharmacist preceptors require country-specific educational resources to support culturally safe preceptorship. Future research is required to substantiate these findings, and to guide culturally responsive practice and promote equitable health outcomes in diverse populations. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led ABPM in community pharmacies demonstrated operational feasibility regarding completion of valid recordings and post-referral tracking, although uptake requires improvement. Participant-reported treatment changes should be interpreted as exploratory signals, and larger implementation studies are warranted. [...]
CONCLUSION: In this real-world, before-and-after study, the implementation of a standardized clinical pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship pathway-anticipating China's forthcoming DRG payment system- was associated with more rational antibiotic use, reduced postoperative infection rates, shorter hospital stays, and lower total costs among women undergoing cesarean sections. These findings underscore the potential value [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist-involved, multidisciplinary stratified care model effectively reduced medication burden and regimen complexity while improving wound healing and functional outcomes in older emergency patients with PIs, providing a feasible and pragmatic strategy for optimizing PI management. [...]
CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-led interventions are associated with improved prescribing process indicators in China. However, the evidence is limited by few RCTs, predominance of NRSIs with moderate/high bias, and high heterogeneity. Findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating. High-quality RCTs with patient-centered outcomes are needed. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, social norm nudging was effective in improving medication willingness during routine pharmacy counselling, irrespective of patients' numeracy levels. The absence of numeracy-moderated effects warrants further investigation. These findings provide a foundation for future clinical trials investigating long-term medication adherence outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist prescribing of HIV prophylactic medications significantly increased in Brazil since 2020 and may potentially represent an important mechanism to broaden access to HIV prevention. However, regional differences may underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to address geographic implementation gaps. [...]
CONCLUSION: Few pharmacist prioritization tools for paediatrics exist, and most remain in the testing stages. However, they show the potential to improve workflows and support timely, targeted pharmacist interventions. Future research should focus on validation, multidisciplinary development, and the involvement of patients and carers in their development. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: For patients with recently diagnosed HFrEF, pharmacist- and/or nurse practitioner-led medication management is cost-effective, supporting the expansion of this care to improve GDMT uptake and patient outcomes. [...]
Pharmacists are among the most accessible and trusted healthcare professionals and are uniquely positioned to serve as medication experts within integrative medicine teams. This narrative review synthesizes the literature describing pharmacist contributions to integrative medicine, with a focus on chronic disease management. Evidence highlights pharmacist involvement in diverse practice settings-including [...]
CONCLUSION: Collaborative pharmacist prescribing enhances shared decision-making by actively involving patients in discussions about their medicines. It improves patients' understanding of their medicines, which supports safer and more informed treatment decisions. These findings support wider adoption of collaborative pharmacist prescribing to improve patient-centered care in hospitals. [...]
INTRODUCTION: Older adults with cancer are at greater risk of experiencing drug therapy problems (DTPs), often related to multiple comorbidities, advanced age, and cancer treatments. Increasing evidence demonstrates the value of a pharmacist in geriatric oncology clinics, but little information exists on their practical integration. Our objective is to evaluate [...]
The inappropriate use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) remains a common issue in Vietnam, posing a significant risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led audit-feedback (A&F) intervention, as part of an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program, on improving [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The consistency of effectiveness and safety findings across studies, showing either no significant difference (indicating equivalence of care and outcomes) or significant improvement in pharmacist prescribing groups, suggests it is a potential policy option. Future research on implementation, public and patient preferences and cost-effectiveness would provide valuable insights into [...]
CONCLUSION: This scoping review identified patient health outcomes used to evaluate pharmacist-led primary care. Although studies on pharmacist-led clinical services have increased, the most assessed services may not reflect current practice. These findings should inform health system metrics grounded in outcomes that matter to patients to ensure safe, effective pharmacist-led [...]
CONCLUSIONS: A data-driven, pharmacist-led pathway was associated with significant LDL-C reduction. Among those who engaged, target attainment was similar across sex, ethnicity and IMD quintile, although low engagement from the most deprived quintile highlights that equitable reach has not yet been achieved. Further work is required to address upstream barriers [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Among AYAs newly diagnosed with cancer, pre-diagnosis pharmacist continuity was associated with higher patient-reported satisfaction with pharmacist consultations, particularly in the MISS-21J domains of distress relief and rapport. These findings highlight the potential value of accessible, continuous relationships with pharmacists in improving patients' perceived pharmaceutical care experience during the [...]
Introduction: A patient's understanding, implementation of, and adherence to hospital discharge instructions are important in keeping them from being readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. The understanding of and ability to follow these instructions after the transition from hospital to home may be significantly supported by additional [...]
Background: The Minnesota Community Measurement assesses health system performance for diabetes care based on five measures: blood glucose (A1c), blood pressure (BP), cholesterol (LDL), tobacco use, and aspirin use, aggregated and known as a "GAP score." Rural areas are negatively impacted by inadequate diabetes care. The positive impact of direct [...]
Background: Hypertension and diabetes are prevalent chronic disease states. Pharmacists and dietitians collaborated to develop and implement employee benefit programs for hypertension and diabetes at a regional grocery store. The hybrid program included virtual education modules and check-in calls to monitor participants. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is [...]
Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated patient enrollment in the Meds to Beds program. The primary objective was to compare the number of high-risk readmission patients enrolled through pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated processes. Secondary objectives included comparing 30-day all-cause and heart failure readmission rates, number of prescriptions [...]
Background: Clinical pharmacists are a limited resource in British Columbia (BC). Few studies have been conducted to explore hospital clinical pharmacist allocation. It is unclear how pharmacy leaders prioritize the allocation of their pharmacist staff to provide clinical services at their sites. Objectives: To characterize how hospital pharmacy leaders allocate [...]
The advancement of human space exploration presents unprecedented healthcare challenges, and heightens the need for specialized pharmaceutical care across the distinct timelines of a space mission. Despite growing interest in integrating pharmacists into space healthcare, their roles remain largely generalized, not tailored to the specific demands of pre-mission preparation, in-mission [...]
Background: United States Veterans are disproportionately impacted by homelessness. Substance use, mental health conditions, and trauma increase the risk for homelessness and contribute to challenges in maintaining housing. Street Medicine utilizes a trauma-informed approach to provide low-barrier health and social services for those at risk for and experiencing homelessness. Limited [...]
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the findings indicate that involving pharmacists more directly in the medication management of individuals with chronic conditions leads to better clinical results and more favorable economic outcomes. These findings support the idea of involving pharmacists more closely within chronic-care teams. [...]
CONCLUSION: Through increased medication adherence, better patient awareness, and support for lifestyle adjustment, pharmacist-led educational programs greatly reduce the risk of CVD and enhanced lipid profiles. To enhance the management of chronic diseases, clinical chemists must be integrated into multidisciplinary care teams. To optimise advantages, future research should focus on [...]
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated improved access and improved guideline directed therapy outcomes for rural Veterans seen by a CPP. Integration of the CPP with a focus on the management of COPD can increase access to CMM and increase overall quality. [...]
CONCLUSION: This grid-based precision ASP was associated with sustained reductions in antimicrobial use and costs, and improved clinical outcomes. It was also associated with changes in the temporal relationship between AUD and MDRO detection rates. These alterations suggest this approach may mitigate selective pressure driving resistance, although causality cannot be [...]
CONCLUSION: This pilot service demonstrates that a pharmacist-led holistic smoking cessation model can be feasibly integrated into psychiatric care in a provincial Thai hospital. Further controlled studies are warranted to evaluate long-term effectiveness and scalability. [...]
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly advanced cancer treatment, and their clinical indications continue to expand. At the same time, the importance of managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has been increasing, along with growing expectations for pharmacist involvement. Herein, we report a case in which prompt pharmacist intervention prevented the [...]
CONCLUSION: This meta-synthesis of the evidence regarding the perceptions of healthcare professionals on the role of pharmacists in aged care provides contextual information for individuals, organisations and policy-makers for future implementation. Pharmacists are perceived to improve stakeholder confidence, staff capacity and capability, and overall person-centred care. Embedded roles that foster [...]
The design and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs for patients admitted to intensive care units must consider the specific characteristics of this population, including infection severity, organ dysfunction, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic alterations. The creation of a multidisciplinary team and the establishment of clear, targeted objectives are essential to improve treatment appropriateness, [...]
CONCLUSIONS: The development and adoption of PPEAPSOP policies depend on alignment amongst policy actors, navigation of systemic constraints, strategic foresight of policy implications, and a narrative grounded in robust evidence, =contextualised to the policy environment. Current approaches to the development and adoption of PPEAPSOP policies highlight gaps, underscoring the need [...]
The gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, is now recognized as a key determinant of drug efficacy and toxicity, giving rise to the field of pharmacomicrobiomics. This review decodes the profound influence of the gut microbiome on treatment outcomes for hematologic malignancies. We explore the tripartite mechanistic pathways through [...]
Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to drug-related problems (DRPs) due to altered pharmacokinetics and polypharmacy. Clinical pharmacists(CP) play a key role in optimising pharmacotherapy and preventing medication errors in this vulnerable population. To evaluate the prevalence of DRPs in patients with renal dysfunction and to compare the effectiveness [...]
CONCLUSION: Inpatients demonstrated clear preferences for attributes of IPC, with variations by income, residence, and chronic disease status. Greater involvement of clinical pharmacists, tailored adjustment of consultation frequency and duration, and integration into hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and chronic disease management were encouraged. Price has limited influence on choices. We [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Integrating pharmacists into care teams can enhance GLP-1 RA PA turnaround times while improving medication access, safety, and continuity of care. These findings support further research and policy development in pharmacist interventions in PA process and GLP-1 RA management. [...]
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-led education on diabetic retinopathy did not increase ophthalmology visits or improve diabetes-related outcomes. Effective strategies to encourage ophthalmology visits are required. [...]
CONCLUSION: The pharmacist-led DEMO program was non-inferior to standard physician consultation in achieving a BP target of 140/90mmHg within six months, with high usability and modest WTP. [...]
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this quality improvement study, pharmacist-led outreach was associated with increased initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors; however, limited intervention reach may have constrained the overall impact. Strategies to improve uptake are needed to enhance impact and inform broader SGLT2 inhibitor implementation in patients with CKD and type 2 [...]
CONCLUSION: This study indicates that in patients treated with vancomycin under TDM, pharmacist interventions can promote the standardization of vancomycin TDM, reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury, and improve clinical outcomes. [...]
CONCLUSION: Community pharmacies are well positioned to expand CRC screening access. Addressing reimbursement, training, workflow, and coordination barriers through evidence-based strategies and supportive policy can enable pharmacist-delivered CRC screening to reduce disparities and improve population health outcomes. [...]
Background: Treatment-related problems (TRPs), including patient adherence, knowledge, and medication errors, affect hospitalized patients' outcomes worldwide. Effective clinical pharmacist communication is essential for proper patient counselling and medication safety. However, the effect of clinical pharmacist communication skills on TRPs has not been adequately studied. Objective: This study aimed to assess [...]
INTRODUCTION: Despite limited evidence of efficacy, opioid analgesics are frequently used by patients for chronic pain while awaiting total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA). Preoperative use of opioids is problematic as it increases the likelihood of postoperative opioid-related adverse drug events and postoperative complications and is the strongest [...]